Cette leçon contient 33 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs, diapositives de texte et 4 vidéos.
Éléments de cette leçon
1.4: The new map of Europe
Era 9
The Time of World Wars
Slide 1 - Diapositive
After this lesson you will:
Understand that Germany was heavily punished by the Treaty of Versailles
Understand how the map of Europe changed after the war
Recognise the impact of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany
Use these questions to make your own summary!
Slide 2 - Diapositive
What is this lesson about?
After World War I, the leaders of 27 nations met at the Paris Peace Conference to decide on the fate of Europe and large parts of the world. They signed different treaties with the losing Central Powers.
The former Ottoman Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire were divided. The Treaty of Versailles shaped the fate of Germany. The Germans felt humiliated because they were severely punished. It immediately led to new tensions....
Slide 3 - Diapositive
The Big Four
Clemenceau
prime minister
France
Lloyd George
prime minister
Great Britain
Orlando
prime minister
Italy
Wilson
president
USA
Actually The Big Three....and Italy
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Word Duty
Fourteen Points: US president Wilson’s principles for peace, to be used for the peace negotiations in order to end World War I
Treaty of Versailles: peace treaty that brought World War I to an end and in which the Allies
defined the future of Germany
war reparations: compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage it inflicted during a war
League of Nations: international organisation founded in 1920 to maintain world peace and to prevent future wars; in 1946 replaced by the United Nations
national self-determination: the right of nations to form their own nation state
secular: not related to religion; in a secular state there is a separation between Church and State
WORD DUTY
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Important date in this lesson:
1919: June 28th: Signing of Peace Treaty of Versailles
1920: founding of the League of Nations
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Introduction
On 11th November 1918, an armistice was signed. With this it came an end to World War I and the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. In Russia, a revolution raged. While the victors celebrated, Eastern Europe seemed to balance on the edge of chaos. A heavy burden lay on shoulders of the Allied leaders: they had to reconstruct the world.
The signing of the treaty of peace at Versailles, 28 June 1919
Slide 7 - Diapositive
The Paris Peace Conference
The people of Europe were relieved that the Great War was over. They looked with great expectation towards the future. Most of them hoped that Woodrow Wilson, the president of the USA, would bring freedom and democracy. Wilson put himself in the position of peacemaker and had put his ideas of a better world onto paper in his Fourteen Points.
He predicted a new era: a time of freedom, peace and democracy. To reach his goals he had to negotiate with the other Allied victors.
American president Wilson was enthusiastically greeted by the people of Paris in 1919
Slide 8 - Diapositive
1a. Wilson's "Fourteen Points" were his plan to punish Germany after the war.
A
TRUE
B
FALSE
Slide 9 - Quiz
1b. Look at Wilson's "Fourteen Points". Which 2 points were likely to meet with disapproval from Britain?
A
1 & 14
B
2 & 5
C
4 & 7
D
5 & 13
Slide 10 - Quiz
On 18 January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference started. Wilson and delegates of 26 other countries met at the Palace of Versailles. Every nation had its own expectations and agenda, but although hundreds of representatives were invited, the real power lay with
The Big Four: Wilson himself and the prime ministers of France, Britain and Italy. During the peace conference different treaties were signed, but the most difficult issue they faced was the future of Germany. The French felt that their long time rival Germany had to be punished severely, because it had been the first to declare war. Prime Minister of France Clemenceau fanatically tried to convince the conference to keep Germany weak to ensure that it would never rise again. With this, he went against Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The USA and Great Britain were not as radical as France. They predicted that harsh punishments would trigger another war, but still felt that Germany should take the blame.
The Big Four, 27th May, 1919. From left to right: Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy), French Premier Georges Clemenceau, US President Wilson.
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Slide 12 - Vidéo
2a. Which Allied country sustained the most damage during the war?
A
France
B
Britain
C
Italy
D
USA
Slide 13 - Quiz
2b. Which country needed to fear a future powerful Germany the most?
A
France
B
Britain
C
Italy
D
USA
Slide 14 - Quiz
2c. Which country wanted the harshest treatment for Germany?
A
France
B
Britain
C
Italy
D
USA
Slide 15 - Quiz
2d. What argument did Britain and the USA present for treating Germany not too harshly?
Slide 16 - Question ouverte
Germany: the main culprit
On 28th June 1919, the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles. In it was decided that Germany:
was not allowed to have an army bigger then a hundred thousand soldiers; its fleet had to be given to the Allies
had to give its colonies to France and Britain; Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
had to give up ten percent of its territory
had to pay for the damage, caused by the war.
had to accept the full blame for WW1 (Alleinschuld)
It was mostly out of an emotion and feelings of revenge that Germany was ordered to pay 132 billion gold marks (around 380 billion euros today) as war reparations, a huge amount. The Germans were astonished that they were not allowed to participate in the meeting. As expected they were outraged when they read the treaty. They felt humiliated and refused to sign it. Eventually they agreed, but only because the Allies threatened to continue the war.
signing of the Treaty on June 18th, 1919, exactly 5 years after the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
Slide 17 - Diapositive
Slide 18 - Vidéo
Slide 19 - Diapositive
3. Tom and Maggie are discussing this cartoon. According to Tom, the artist agrees that Germany should pay a lot of war reparations. Maggie disagrees; she says that the artist shows that Germany should pay an unreasonable amount of money. Who is right?
On the bag ‘Reparations $ 55,000,000,000’. Underneath ‘Germany’. American political cartoon about the German war reparations, c. 1921.
A
Tom
B
Maggie
Slide 20 - Quiz
4. The Treaty of Versailles is often named as one of the causes of Hitler’s rise to power. How do you think the Treaty of Versailles played a role in Hitler’s rise of power?
Slide 21 - Question ouverte
Slide 22 - Vidéo
Slide 23 - Diapositive
Slide 24 - Diapositive
A League of Nations
One of president Wilson’s most important objectives in his Fourteen Point plan was the idea of a League of Nations. He wanted a future in which countries gathered and discussed hostilities and possible conflicts before using violence. He hoped that it would cause transparency and end the secret alliances. Wilson dreamed of a more peaceful world in which countries would disarm their militaries, so global wars could be prevented. However, his League of Nations did not become what he had expected. Germany was not allowed to participate and the newly formed Soviet Union (Russia) did not want to be involved. Even Wilson’s own country, the USA, did not agree with his plans. Membership to the League was declined by the congress. It was not until after World War II that this plan was brought back to life, when the United Nations were founded.
The official opening of the League of Nations, 15 November 1920
Slide 25 - Diapositive
Slide 26 - Diapositive
Slide 27 - Diapositive
7a. Which of the following countries was a member of the League of Nations when it started in 1920?
A
Great Britain
B
Russia
C
USA
D
Germany
Slide 28 - Quiz
7b. From what year till what year was Germany a member of the League of Nations?
A
Germany never joined
B
1920 - 1945
C
1933 - 1945
D
1926 - 1933
Slide 29 - Quiz
8. Why did the rise of new nations in Eastern Europe cause tensions?
A
Because the people feared war between the new nations.
B
Because Austro-Hungary was intending to get its former territory back.
C
Because the new countries did not want to govern themselves democratically.
D
Because millions of Germans were now minorities in some new countries.
Slide 30 - Quiz
Finally, here you can write down a question about something from this lesson that you don't fully understand yet.