Repeating Ecology

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1,3

Repeating!

Chapter 6 The ecology part

Ecology

         The study between organisms and their environment

Abiotic and biotic factors

Abiotic factors = non-living aspects of nature

(And all abiotic factors together in an area is called a biotope)

Biotic factors = living aspects of nature

After a rain shower, you often see earthworms crawling up out of the soil. Do earthworms come up out of the soil because of a change in a biotic or an abiotic factor?

1. Change in biotic factor
2. Change in abiotic factor

On the savannah, kudus (see picture) are hunted by jaguars and lions. What kind of factor is a lion?

1. A biotic factor
2. An abiotic factor

Name at least three biotic factors that you can find around your house.

Name at least three abiotic factors that you can find around your house.

Levels of ecology

Individual (organism)

Population

Community

Ecosystem

How do we call everything in this aquarium together?

1. A population
2. A community
3. An ecosystem
4. A biotope

Bart is researching the forest in Hilversum. He researches the temperature, rainfall and CO2 concentration throughout the year. What is he researching?

1. A population
2. A community
3. An ecosystem
4. A biotope

There are a lot of rabbits that live on Vlieland and Texel. Are those rabbits from the same population? Explain your answer.

Pyramid of numbers:

• The amount of individual organisms in the community reflected in a pyramid.
• Each trophic level of a food chain is represented with a bar. 
• The amount of individuals in each trophic leel is represented by the size of the bar. 

Pyramid of biomass:

• The total biomass of all organisms in the community reflected in a pyramid.
• The total bimass of each trophic level of a food chain is represented with a bar. 
• The amount organisms in each trophic level is multiplied by the mass of each individual to get the biomass.

Food chains and food webs

Food chain = a diagram showing who eats who.

Food web = multiple food chains that are connected.

Rules of food chains and webs:

1. You always start with plants.
   
2. Arrows mean 'is eaten by' ->
   

Food chains and food webs

Example of a food chain

Food chains and web

Example of a food web

How many different species does the mountain lion eat according to this food web?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Food chains and food webs

Food chains and food webs have different groups of species:

1. Producers - organisms that produce their own energy
2. Herbivores - plant eaters
3. Carnivores - meat eaters
4. Omnivores - plant and meat eaters
   

How many omnivores are in this food web? Give the name(s) of the organism(s).

Why is it always producers that are at the start of a food chain / food web?

Why are decomposers important?

What is another term used for decomposers?

Which organism(s) is/are producers in this food web?