3.3 Europe and the World

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Goals of this lesson

• You can explain why the States General established the VOC.
  
• You can explain the special position of the VOC.
  
• You can distinguish (using a source) the activities of the VOC and the WIC.
  
• You can explain how a world economy arose (and how the VOC and WIC contributed to this) 

3.2 - The Netherlands and Europe

What did we do last time?

Which of the following sentences is true?

1. In the Baltic Trade, Dutch merchants would trade with East Prussia and Poland
2. The Dutch merchants brought wood and grain and traded these for luxury products
3. The goods that were brought back were immediately sold to other countries
4. Merchants stored a lot of grain so they could help other countries when a famine broke out

Why was Hugo de Groot (Grotius) famous?

1. He invented international laws for warfare and seas
2. He invented the compass for navigation
3. He invented the microscope
4. He was a general of the fleet of the Republic

1672 is called the Disaster Year because:

1. The Netherlands lost Amsterdam as the staple market of the world.
2. The Netherlands were attacked by France, England, Cologne and Münster.
3. The Netherlands were attacked by Germany, Russia and Italy.
4. The Netherlands seemed to lose the religious war against the Roman Catholic Church.

Any questions about your homework?

 §3.3 Europe and the World

What is this section about?

In the 17th century, Europeans greatly expanded their contacts with Africa, Asia and the Americas. This created a global economy in which the continents became economically connected. The Dutch played an important role in this.

What happened before

• Cornelis de Houtman is the first Dutchman to arrive in the East Indies in 1596

• Proceeds just enough to get the costs out, mainly due to wrong means of exchange.

• Still, the goal is achieved: a route via the Cape of Good Hope is proven

Persons in this section

Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Gouvenor-General VOC

Piet Hein

WIC commandander

Trading in Asia

More and more Dutch small temporary companies (companies) started travelling to the East Indies. 

Discuss in pairs:

Why would this be a problem? 

Bij oprichting wordt bepaald dat de VOC voor een periode van eenentwintig jaar een handelsmonopolie krijgt voor het gebied tussen Kaap de Goede Hoop en Straat Magalhães. De compagnie bestaat uit zes Kamers (Amsterdam, Middelburg, Delft, Rotterdam, Hoorn, Enkhuizen) en het benodigde startkapitaal, waarvoor ingetekend wordt en waaraan iedere ingezetene van de Republiek kan deelnemen, bedraagt ongeveer 6 miljoen gulden.

Terugkeer van de tweede Azië-expeditie van de Oude Compagnie onder Jacob van Neck in 1599 door Cornelis Vroom (ca. 1591-1661)

Learning goal

• You can explain why the States General established the VOC.
• You can explain the special position of the VOC.

Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (1602)

• The Dutch government is founding the VOC
  
  
• One trading company
  
  
• A part of the profits is for the Dutch treasury 
  
  

Only the VOC was allowed to trade in Asia. What is this called? A ......

The VOC (1602) had rights that others did not have such as:

- A monopoly on the trade in spices in Asia

- Military privileges

 (building trading posts and forts and the right to wage war)

- Right of contract

 (making contracts with native princes and building factories).

 

For example, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, as governor general, massacred and removed the population of Banda and then established plantations where slaves could work. 

Murder on Banda, 1621. Painting by a modern local painter depicting a historical event: in 1621, much of the population of Banda was murdered by Jan Pieterszoon Coen.

Contested historical figures from the colonial past such as Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Peter Stuyvesant and Jo van Heutsz have not only been immortalized in statues in the Netherlands. Streets and locations have also been named after them. In the context of the Black Lives Matter protests, the discussion on how to deal with this cultural heritage has flared up again - June 24, 2020, in Hoorn

What conclusion can you draw after seeing this picture?

1. Besides trade the VOC waged war
2. VOC made canons
3. VOC made a lot of money
4. VOC was a naval company

Read 3.3

Complete the exercises

Do you recognise 

the spice?

1. Mace (foelie)
2. Nutmeg
3. Pepper
4. Cinnemon

1. Nutmeg
2. Coriander
3. Mace
4. Cinnemon

1. Clove (kruitnagel)
2. Cinnamon (kaneel)
3. Pepper
4. Nutmeg (nootmuskaat)

1. Clove
2. Mace
3. Cinnamon
4. Nutmeg

West Indie Company

What information does the clip give you about the WIC?

- What?

- Where?

- When?

WIC: What? Where? When?

the WIC (1621):

- Trade with America and West Africa

(slavetrade)

- Privateering (against Spain and Portugal)

  

Due to a lot of competition from other countries, the WIC never became as successful as the VOC.

 

In 1628, Captain Piet Hein managed to deal a heavy blow to Spain by capturing the Silver Fleet (a fleet of a load of silver used to pay for the war).

De gravure toont de verovering van de Zilvervloot onder leiding van admiraal Piet Heyn in de baai van Matanzas. De Zilvervloot stuitte in september 1628 op de vloot van Piet Hein. Deze slaagt er vrijwel direct in negen schepen te veroveren. De andere schepen die deel uitmaken van de Zilvervloot vluchten de Baai van Mantanzas aan de noordkust van Cuba in. Piet Hein en zijn mannen weten echter ook deze schepen al snel te veroveren. De buit bestaat uit goud, parels, handelswaar en 177.000 pond zilver die een totale waarde vertegenwoordigd van 11,5 miljoen gulden.

the territories of the WIC

In order to participate in the triangular trade between Europe, Africa and America, the WIC took possession of territories.

 

In WIC possession remained Suriname, African coastal forts and the Antillean islands.

Openbare verkoping van een slavin en haar twee kinderen in Paramaribo. (Tekening door P.J. Benoït, Voyage à Surinam (1839), pl. 89, collectie Universiteit van Amsterdam).

Look at the picture about the triangular trade.

Drag the words to the correct place in the picture:

Slaves

Koffe, Cotton, Tabacco

Firearms, gunpowder, textiles.

Blue areas = sphere of influence of the WIC

Green areas = sphere of influence of the VOC

New Netherland: founded as a colony in 1624 and formally ceded (in practice exchanged for Suriname) to England at the Peace of Breda in 1667.

Nederlands-Brazilië was van 1630 tot 1654 een Nederlandse kolonie in Zuid-Amerika, het huidige Brazilië. Werd gesticht nadat Piet Hein de Spaanse zilvervloot had veroverd en de West-Indische Compagnie veel geld had. In 1654 werd de kolonie terugveroverd door de Portugezen.

Suriname: De Britse kolonie Willoughbyland werd in februari 1667 veroverd door de Zeeuw Abraham Crijnssen; Willoughbyland werd hernoemd naar Suriname. Suriname kwam – nadat de Engelsen de kolonie kortstondig hadden overgenomen – wederom in handen van de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden na de Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog. Bij de Vrede van Breda kreeg de Republiek de soevereiniteit over Suriname in ruil voor Nieuw-Nederland dat door de Engelsen werd hernoemd tot New York.

Dutch Antilles: these West Indian islands were colonized by the WIC from about 1634 to 1792. This colonial status came to an end when on December 15, 1954, after eight years of negotiations, the Statute for the Kingdom of the Netherlands was signed by the Netherlands, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. On Nov. 25, 1975, Suriname became an independent state and since then the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisted of the Netherlands and the Netherlands Antilles.

 Goldcoast: In the Gold Coast Treaty of Feb. 25, 1871, the Dutch factories on the Gold Coast were sold to the British for 47,000 guilders. In return, the Netherlands received assurances that the British would not intervene in efforts to capture Aceh in northern Sumatra.

Does it belong to the VOC or the WIC?

VOC

WIC

Indies

Trade with Japan

slavetrade

spices

sugar, tabacco