Les 10 - Samenvatting

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Planning

Summary §4.1 t/m §4.4

Purchasing power

Purchasing power (koopkracht): How much you can buy in a country for one dollar, or euro

Groceries in:

• Burundi
• China
• Zwitserland

Poverty line

Poverty line (armoedegrens): The amount of money you need at a minimum to live in a country. This differs from country to country.

Poverty line

Poverty line (armoedegrens): De hoeveelheid geld die je minimaal nodig hebt. Dit verschilt van land tot land. Bijvoorbeeld:

In Nederland is dit het geval: "The poverty line for the Netherlands is drawn at approximately €1,040 a month for a single individual and up to €1,960 for a couple with two children."  This is about 34 euros a day

Maar in Afrika dit: 'African households with a consumption level below the 1.9$/day poverty line declined from 40% in 2010 to 34% in 2019. At below 3.2 $/day, the poverty rate fell from 63% to 59%; and at below 5.5 $/day, it fell from 83% to 80%." 1,9$ per day is about 60 dollars a month

Developing countries

Developing countries (ontwikkelingslanden): These countries are not the rich industrialised countries, but they are generally considered to be poorer.

These countries often lack:

• good education
• Infrastructure
• Good jobs
• proper healthcare

Informal sector

Informal sector (informele sector): The unofficial part of the economy, also known as the black market. The incomes in this sector do not end up in government statistics.

GDP/Capita

GDP/Capita (BBP/capita): All the money that is made in a country divided by the number op people in a country. 

Nederland

In a country $100.000.000,- is made in a year. What do we call this?

1. Gross domestic product (GDP)
2. Capital revenue (CR)
3. Gentrification (Gtr)
4. Capita (C)

In a country $100.000.000,- is made in a year. 67.430 people live in this country. What is the GDP/Capita?

1. $1.500.000,-
2. 0,0006743
3. $1483,02,-
4. We don't have enough information to say that

GDP/Capita

GDP/Capita (BBP/capita): All the money that is made in a country divided by the number op people in a country. 

Nederland

Sectors

In geography we have three (or four) economic sectors:

• Primary sector
• Secondary sector
• Tertiary sector
• (Informal sector)

Primary sector

Primary sector (Primaire sector): Economic sector that is made up of mining, agriculture and fishing

In the primary sector goods are produced that can be used in other sectors

Secondary sector

Secondary sector (secundaire sector): economic sector that is made up of industry

In the secondary sector goods from the primary sector are used to make products in factories

Tertiary sector

Tertiary sector (tertiaire sector): In the tertiary sector, or services sector (dienstensector), the goods of the secondary and primary sector are used for, and sold to consumers

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Tertiary sector

Core-periphery model

• Core countries (Centrumlanden): Rich countries that are economically more developed than most other countries
• Semi-periphery countries (Semi-periferie landen): Countries that are economically in between core and periphery
• Periphery countries (Periferie landen): Poor countries that are economically less developed

Periphery

• Periphery countries (Perifere landen): Poor countries that are economically less developed
• Mostly work in the primary sector

Semi-periphery

• Semi-periphery countries (Semi-periferie landen): Countries that are economically in between core and periphery
• Mostly work in the secondary sector

Core

• Core countries (Centrumlanden): Rich countries that are economically more developed than most other countries 
• Mostly work in the tertiary sector

Social inequality

Big differences between groups of people

Regional inequality

Big differences in income within a country, or region

These regions can be divided into the pieces of the core periphery model

• Core
• Semi-periphery
• Periphery

Semi-periphery

Core

Periphery

Globalization

Globalization (globalisatie): Process through which regions of the world are connected more and more

Causes of globalization

• More Multinational corporations (MNC's)
• More open borders
• Phones and the internet

Multinational corporation (MNC)

Multinational Corporation (MNC) (Multinationale organisatie (MNO)): Large company that has factories and offices in multiple countries

Open borders

• Quicker travel in the EU
• After the Brexit going to the UK takes 45 minutes extra
• So before the open borders in the EU going to Pula, Croatia would take 3 hours and 45 minutes extra

Phones and the internet

Previously messages took a long time

5 - 10 weeks

Phones and the internet

Nowadays mail is a lot faster

4 - 8 dagen

Phones and the internet

But phones and the internet go the fastest

Almost instant

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