Development

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• mavo
• Leerjaar 2

Geography year 2

Mister de Graaf

Boss of Geography

Geography Year 2

Development

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x)

GP Project: European Union (1x)

Cities

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x) - Final testweek

Weather and Climate

Small Test (1x)

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x)

Landscape

Practical Assignment (2x)

Geography Year 2

Development

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x)

GP Project: European Union (1x)

Cities

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x) - Final testweek

Weather and Climate

Small Test (1x)

Practical Assignment (1x)

Big Test (3x)

Landscape

Practical Assignment (2x)

Poor or rich?

Discussion: what is poor? what is rich?

Poverty

Wealth

How do we measure wealth? #1

Gross Domestic Product

GDP per capita

GDP
--------         = GDP per capita

Population

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of the finished domestic goods and services produced within a nation's borders

www.indexmundi.com

Look up GDP

Disadvantages of using GDP

1. GDP per capita is an average number (small group rich people vs. large group of poor people)
2. GDP per capita cannot tell us anything about regional differences in a country
3. GDP per capita doesn't tell you anything about what you can buy for a certain amount of money in a specific country
4. It can be very hard to measure GDP (unregistered jobs)

Smol exercise

10 million people live in the country of El Grafo. The country has a GDP of 90 billion euros. What is the GDP per capita?

20 million people live in the land of Meño. The country has a GDP of 120 billion euros. What is the GDP per capita?

In which country do people earn more? Is this country richer or poorer? Explain your answer.

How do we measure wealth? #2

You can also look at the distribution of workforce (= beroepsbevolking) across economic sectors

Workforce comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers.

#1: Primary sector

The primary sector includes all professions in which people get something from nature. Most people in the primary sector are farmers. They use the soil and plants to produce food. But the

primary sector is more than just agriculture. We also include fishermen and hunters. There are also companies that extract coal, oil, natural gas or ores from the ground. There are many companies in the Netherlands that extract sand, clay and gravel from rivers. We also count them as part of the primary sector.

#2: Secundary sector

In the secondary sector, people and companies process the products from the primary sector. This mainly includes all factories, whether they make frozen pizzas or agricultural machinery. That's why it's called

secondary sector also called industry. People who make things outside factories also belong to the secondary sector. Think, for example, of bakers, construction workers and furniture makers.

#3: Tertiairy sector

All people who provide a service belong to the third or tertiary sector. Those are people who don't make something you can hold. In the Netherlands, by far the most people work in this sector.

This includes teachers, doctors, lawyers, truck drivers, advertisers, shop assistants, IT specialists, and so on.

Exercise: comparing countries

Really fun! Yay!

Try using this website for GDP and Life Expectancy: https://www.indexmundi.com/g/rank.html

Try using this website for distribution of labor forces:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_sector_composition

There is more in life than wealth

What is the difference between wealth and wellbeing?

Measuring Human Development

Basic necessities

Food, housing, healthcare, education

Human Development Indicators

Infant mortality rate

Literacy rate

Physician density

Life expectancy

Human Development Index

A long and healthy life: measured by life expectancy at birth.

Knowledge: measured by the mean years of schooling for adults and expected years of schooling for children.

A decent standard of living: measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).

hdr.undp.org

Discuss in pairs

• Have you ever been in an LEDC? If so, what was most striking to you? If not, which LEDC would you like to visit or are you curious about?

• Can you imagine that someone in an LEDC starts a job in the informal sector? And what is your opinion of someone in an MEDC, like the Netherlands, working in the informal sector?

• Imagine you live in a slum. Your family can only afford to buy either a private toilet or a mobile phone. For which option would you go? Why?

• Try to imagine that you live in an LEDC and that you don’t have sufficient money for food and education. Would you try to migrate to another country where lots of things are new and unknown to you?

• What makes you happy in life? Are these primarily material or nonmaterial things?

Core

Semi-periphery

  

Periphery

Core

The economy is mainly based on services (tertiary sector);

There is a lot of (technological) knowledge and capital available;

Focused on the profitable sides of the production chain, for example design and marketing;

High average income.

Semi-periphery

The economy is strongly focused on industrial activity (secondary sector), but there is often a growing service sector as well;

Benefits from the extension of the production chain. The manufacturing industry is located here;

There is often strong economic growth and the average income is rising (for example in the BRICS countries). This also leads to growing inequality.

Periphery

The economy is highly dependent on the primary sector (agriculture, fishing, mining);

Mainly supplies raw materials and (cheap) labour;

economically lagging behind the rest of the world.

Core

  

Semi-periphery

  

Periphery