Modals in the past

Modals in the past
Just like the previous class:

-Speculation and deduction
-Obligation
-Advice
-Ability
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Slide 1: Diapositive
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

Cette leçon contient 19 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs et diapositives de texte.

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Modals in the past
Just like the previous class:

-Speculation and deduction
-Obligation
-Advice
-Ability

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Speculation and deduction
-Almost sure something did happen:
Must have + past participle (3e rijtje)
The thief must have had a key. There were no signs of a break in!

-Almost sure something didn't happen:
Can't have + past participle (3e rijtje)
She can't have driven here. She's only 12!

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Speculation and deduction
-Unsure if something happened or not

May (not)/might (not) have + past participle

I think I may have left the oven on. Could you check?

Slide 3 - Diapositive

There were lights on all over the house. They ..... (be) home!
A
Are
B
Can't have been
C
Must have been
D
Being

Slide 4 - Quiz

It ...(be) mr. Strieder. He's in Italy this week!
A
Aren't
B
Can't have been
C
Must have been
D
Being't

Slide 5 - Quiz

It ... (be) him! This man was bald too!
A
Might have been
B
Can't have been
C
Mustn't have been
D
May have been

Slide 6 - Quiz

Permission
-To refer to actions that were or weren't permitted
Could/couldn't + infinitive
Dad said we couldn't walk along the road.

You can also use was (not)/were (not) + allowed to + infinitive.
Dad said we weren't allowed to walk along the road.

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Was
Were
I
You
You
He
She
It
We
They

Slide 8 - Question de remorquage

Mum told her she .... (sleep) at her friend's.
A
Wasn't to sleep
B
Couldn't sleep
C
Wasn't allowed to
D
Couldn't allowed to

Slide 9 - Quiz

Obligation
-For rules and personal feelings
had to/needed to + infinitive
We had to follow the police officer's instructions.

-Lack of obligation
didn't have to/didn't need to + infinitive
We didn't need to wear a uniform to school.

Slide 10 - Diapositive

Obligation
-Actions we didn't have to do
didn't need to + infinitive
We still had fruit so we didn't need to buy more.

-Actions that happened but didn't have to happen
needn't have + past participle (3e rijtje)
I already have chocolate, so we needn't have bought any.

Slide 11 - Diapositive

The students understood everything, they .... (not need) any extra tutoring.
A
Didn't need
B
Mustn't need
C
Couldn't need
D
Hadn't need

Slide 12 - Quiz

I ate all the candy I wanted, I ... (not eat) any more.
A
Haven't eaten
B
Have eaten't
C
Needn't have eaten
D
Needn't having eaten

Slide 13 - Quiz

Advice
-To describe mistakes, regrets or give advice about something that already happened

Should have/ought to have + past participle
You really should have studied for that test.
He really misses us, we ought to have visited while we had the chance.

Slide 14 - Diapositive

Ability
-For natural or learned abilities
could/couldn't + infinitive
I couldn't ride a bicycle back then.

-You can also use
was/were (un)able to + infinitive
I was unable to ride a bicycle back then.

Slide 15 - Diapositive

When I visited I ... (not speak) German yet.
A
Could unable to speak
B
Wasn't able to speaking
C
Couldn't speak
D
Was unable to speak

Slide 16 - Quiz

I ... (play) baseball like a pro by then!
A
Could play
B
Was played
C
Have played
D
Ought have played

Slide 17 - Quiz

Some of you ... (to take) my advice!
A
Should taken
B
Should've taken
C
Ought take
D
Should've taking

Slide 18 - Quiz

Any questions?

Slide 19 - Diapositive