Modals: must, have to, should, ought to, better not, can't, mustn't

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

What is the difference in meaning between must and have to?

^_must

We use must to say that we, or other people, have an obligation to do something

_{^{have to}}

   

We use have to to say this is important or necessary.

= moeten

Exception

We use don’t have to to say this is NOT important

or necessary.

You don’t have to come with us if you don’t want to.

What is the difference in meaning between should and ought to?

^_should

We use should or ought to to tell someone that

something is a good idea. 

What do we say when we don't want people to do something?

_{^{ought to}}

ought to isn’t used as frequent as should. It is

used mostly in writing, and the negative form is rare.

= zou moeten

iets moet

Iets zou moeten

Uitzondering: iets hoeft niet

• must- jij of iemand anders                                                * I must do it right now!
• have to - important rule,  

     noodzaak / verplichting                               

 * You have to do it. It's a rule.

• should -advies                                                          * You should call your mother more often

• ought to - eigen mening, 

                             verplichting                                                 * you should/ought to stop smoking                         *They ought to follow the school's policy

• don't/doesn't have to
• geen verplichting

had (’d) better (not)

We use had / ’d bett er (not) to advise or warn people in strong terms. It is used to tell people about negative results in the future if they do / don’t do something.

The form is always past (had) and it is often

shortened to ’d.

You’d better hurry up (or you’ll miss the train).

He’d better not say that again (or I will be very angry).

= is beter van niet

Is this a correct sentence:
You mustn’t leave your things on the floor!

Yes

No

can'(t)

When we want to talk or ask about permission,we often use the modal verb can / can’t.

You can go to the party but you can’t stay late.

Can I borrow your phone to make a call?

must(n't)

To say what isn’t allowed, we use can’t or mustn’t.

You can’t park here. (This is a fact / rule.)

You mustn't forget to study for the test, otherwise you will fail.

= kan/mag niet

My grandmother shouldn't/doesn't have to be on her own, she could fall.

1. shouldn't
2. doesn't have to

When you go to Amsterdam, you really have to / must take a boat trip through the canals. Otherwise you won't have a full experience

1. have to
2. must

I have two copies, and will send you one; but you ____ show it to anybody.

1. can't
2. mustn't
3. should
4. ought to

I really ___________________ (moet) go to bed now, or I won’t be fit tomorrow.

1. must
2. have to
3. should
4. ought to

The authorities __________________ (zouden niet moeten) tolerate these acts of non-democratic behaviour.

1. mustn't
2. don't have to
3. shouldn't
4. ought not to

Members of our club ___________________ (behoren te) know how to behave at official ceremonies.

1. must
2. have to
3. should
4. ought to

You _____ leave your bag there, someone might steal it!

1. 'd better not
2. must not
3. should

Self-study

Project deadline: 4th of November (all 5 lessons)

Test unit 3+4 11th of November

Pick one of the following things to work on:

Make sure that you'll have finished lesson 1,2 & 3 before next lesson (so you might want to work on the project)

You might also want to work on the units online to score bonus points