V4/H4 - grammar lessons 1.3 and 1.4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's class

Enroll in online class Of Course (via Studiewijzer):       V4entl1 - code 980076;       V4entl8 - code 919158

Read your mail - join the LessonUp class for the grammar explanation - https://LessonUp.app/invite/group/mxich

• Do/Finish the exercises in Unit 1 - lessons 3 - ex. 1/2/3 and 5 
• Do/Finish the exercises in Unit 1 - lesson 4 - ex. 1-16 (= HW)
•  preferably online (phone) or workbook (check online later)

Grammar lesson 3 - negative sentences/questions (with how/what/when/why etc. - do/does/did - auxiliaries)

Grammar lesson 4 - past simple vs present perfect

Extra on test period 1: present simple vs present continuous (exercises via www.ego4u.com/grammar - slide 6)

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

• Past Simple -> finished in the past/when=  mentioned
  
• Present Perfect -> 1) started in the past AND still going on 2) Result (when = not mentioned) 3) Recent action (when = not mentioned)

Past Simple -> I flew (2e vorm) to Sweden two weeks ago. Did you meet (did + HELE ww) her there last week?

Present Perfect -> I have never been (has/have + 3e vorm) to New York. Has she ever been (has/have + 3e vorm) abroad?

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

General rule Past Simple:

• Regular verbs: verb + ED
• Irregular verbs: 2nd form (know by heart!!!!!)
• Used when ACTIONION IS FINISHED - WHEN is IMPORTANT
• Signal words: when/ago/last night/last week/yesterday etc.

General rule Present Perfect:

• has (he/she/it) + past participle (-> regular verbs: verb + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• have (I/you/we/they) + past participle (-> regular verbs + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• Used for: RESULT is import (when=  NOT IMPORTANT/NOT MENTIONED; EXPERIENCE; RECENT ACTION; ACTION THAT STARTED IN THE PAST + IS STILL GOING ON /
• Signal words: for/since/already/never/ever/always/yet/before/how long/how often etc.

Signaalwoorden/time adjuncts

Signaalwoorden Past Simple

• when / then / ago /in 2001 / when I was young / as a child / last night  etc.

Signaalwoorden Present Perfect

• for/ since* / already / never/ ever/ always/ yet/ before / how long / how often / up till now / now

Bij "since" staat wel een tijd genoemd: een actie is al vanaf die tijd aan de gang t/m nu (en is dus nog steeds aan de gang en NIET afgelopen)

TIP: leer de signaalwoorden goed! 

Present Simple (vorm = hele ww; hele ww + s bij he/she/it) - she sings in church ever week) - H4 & V4 test period 1

• Feiten
• Gewoonten (altijd/nooit/soms)
• Werkwoorden mbt zintuigen (hear/sound/feel/smell)
• Werkwoorden mbt "state of mind" (like, love, hate, seem, to be, believe, suppose etc.)
• Toekomst: voor roosters/schema's (schooltijden/openingstijden winkel/vertrek & aankomst vluchten etc.)

Present Continuous (am/is/are + hele ww  + ing - she is singing right now) - H4/V4 test period 1

• Activiteit welke op dit moment gebeurt (now, at the moment, look! listen! watch out! these days, nowadays)

• Tijdelijke situatie (she's a nurse but currently she is working as a physiotherapist)

• Situaties in ontwikkeling (becoming/getting/changing/turning into)

• Irritatie (always, all the time; met ww. zoals complaining, nagging etc.)

• Toekomst: voor een afspraak welke vastligt (in je agenda - meestal tussen nu en een week - waar/wanneer meestal bekend)

www.ego4u.com

Making questions - do/does/did

Present simple (i.e. blog/blogs):

They blog about school -> What do they blog about?

He blogs about school. -> What does he blog about?

Rule: does (he/she/it) + infinitive (=hele ww); do(I/you/we/they) + infinitive (= hele ww)

Past simple (i.e. blogged/wrote):

He blogged twice per week during his trip. -> How often did he blog during his trip last year?

She wrote awful things when they broke up. -> Why did she write that when they broke up?

Rule: did (all pronouns) + infinitive (=hele ww)

NOTE: infinitive/hele ww = 1e vorm

Vragen en ontkennende zinnen (not/never) maken met ZWW

Bij bevestigende zinnen (zonder "not" of "never") met een ZWW/betekeniswerkwoord kijk je eerst naar de tijd van het werkwoord/persoonsvorm.

Herkennen:

Present Simple - het hele werkwoord (infinitief/1e vorm) (bijv. they dance) of het hele werkwoord + S (bijv. she dances)

Past Simple - regelmatige werkwoorden: ww + ed; onregelmatige werkwoorden: 2e vorm

Vragen/Ontkenningen

Present Simple: 

Does (he/she/it) + hele ww (Does she often play music?); Do (I/you/we/they) + hele ww (Do they play piano?)

Doesn't (he/she/it) + hele ww (She doesn't play music.); Don't (I/you/we/they) + hele ww (They don't play the piano.)

Past Simple:

Did + hele ww (Did he go out last night?)

Didn't + hele ww (He didn't go out last night.)

Vragen en ontkennende zinnen (not/never) maken met HWW

HWW -> staan altijd samen met een betekeniswerkwoord - CAN help; WILL go; MUST leave; SHOULD do etc.)

• Bij vragen zet je het HWW vooraan: Can you help me? Must we leave now? Let op: Shall I/we....?  (NIET Will I/we ...?)
• Bij ontkennende zinnen doe je HWW + Not: I can't help you. We mustn't leave. You shouldn't do that.          

LIJST van HWW:

can

could

shall (shan't)

should

will (won't)

would

must (mustn't)

may

might (mightn't)

to be (am/is/are/was/were) ;  has/have/had + 3rd form (vorm van have = hww)

Making questions - has/have/had + 3rd form (i.e. been)

Present perfect (i.e. has blogged/have rung):

Why hasn't he blogged about it yet?

Why haven't you rung her yet?

Rule: has (he/she/it) + 3rd form/past participle; have (I/you/we/they) + 3rd form/past participle

Past perfect (i.e. had blogged/had been):

I hadn't walked the dog before you came home. -> Why hadn't you walked the dog before I came home yesterday?

Rule: had + 3rd form/past participle

Making questions - to be -> am/is/are/was/were

Present continuous (i.e. am speaking/ is blogging/are doing):

They are blogging about school. -> What are they blogging about these days?

You are speaking to your classmates tomorrow. -> Am I speaking to the entire class tomorrow?

She is always doing this to me! -> Why is she always doing this to me?

Rule: am/is/are + infinitive (hele ww) + ing

Past continuous (i.e. was speaking/ were listening):

The teacher was speaking, but the students weren't listening. -> Who weren't listening while the teacher was speaking?

Rule: was/were + infinitive (hele ww) + ing

Making questions - will/shall/am-is-are going to

Future (will/am-is-are going to) (i.e. I will help you!; He is going to fall!):

I'll be there. -> Will you be there as well?

He is going to change our plans. -> Why is he going to change our plans?

I will get that for you. -> Shall I get that for you?

Rule: will + infinitive (=hele ww); shall (for we/I) + infinitive; am/is/are going to + infinitive

Website to practice 

Irregular verbs

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Present Simple vs Present Continuous (or Progressive)

www.ego4u.com/grammar 

(see next slides)

www.ego4u.com

www.ego4u.com

www.ego4u.com