3F - Different types of clauses

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English

3F

13-06-2022

Klassenplattegrond

Reading time

What are we going to do today?

• Refresher: Having something done
• Grammar explanation
• Grammar exercise
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1. He lets his beard trimming
2. He is letting his beard trimmed
3. He is having his beard trimmed
4. He trims his (own) beard

Grammar: Having something done

What is the difference between 'having something done' and 'doing something'?

Grammar: Having something done

HOW DO YOU FORM A SENTENCE LIKE THIS? 

(form of) have + object + past participle

They had their house painted

Review Grammar Unit 18! (P. 162)

Grammar: Unit 19

Giving extra information by adding a clause.

Clauses can give all kinds of different information.

• Contrast: I had a nice vacation -although the hotel room was very small.-

• Purpose: I had a nice vacation -so that I can go back to work with more energy.-

• Reason: I had a nice vacation -because the weather was so nice.-

Contrast clauses

To add different or surprising information in the same sentence we can use the words:

• Although (hoewel, ondanks dat)
• Whereas (hoewel, terwijl)
• While (hoewel, terwijl)

Usually one part of the sentence has positive tone, and the other part is negative or not as positive.

Is there a contrast clause?
While everyone was tired, we still cleaned the whole house!

Yes, there's a contrast clause.

No, there's no contrast clause.

Is there a contrast clause?
I prefer the cold weather, because it allows me to wear my winter coat.

Yes, there's a contrast clause.

No, there's no contrast clause.

Is there a contrast clause?
I enjoyed the movie, although I think the book was much better.

Yes, there's a contrast clause.

No, there's no contrast clause.

Purpose clauses

To give information about the goal or intent behind an action was, we can use the words:

• So that (zodat)
• In order to (om te/om er voor te zorgen dat)

The sentence explains what is the desired outcome or result of the action.

Is there a purpose clause?
I want to do something fun because I'm bored.

Yes, there is a purpose clause.

No, there is no purpose clause.

Is there a purpose clause?
I work out three times a week in order to get bigger.

Yes, there is a purpose clause.

No, there is no purpose clause.

Reason clauses

To explain the reason for the action mentioned in the sentence, we can use the words:

• Because (want, vanwege, omdat)
• As (aangezien, omdat)

This sentence gives information about the situation leading to the action.

Is there a reason clause?
I didn't sleep at all because I was studying all night.

Yes, there is a reason clause.

No, there is no reason clause.

Is there a reason clause?
We didn't go outside once as it was raining all day.

Yes, there is a reason clause.

No, there is no reason clause.

Is there a reason clause?
I was studying all night so that I could pass my test today.

Yes, there is a reason clause.

No, there is no reason clause.

Reason vs Purpose

Purpose clauses and reason clauses can seem very similar.

Reason gives information about the situation BEFORE the action:

I worked some extra hours, because I've been spending too much money.

Purpose gives information about the desired outcome AFTER the action:

I worked some extra hours, in order to make some more money.

Clause of contrast

Clause of purpose

Clause of reason

Because

Whereas

While

Although

So that

In order to

As

Remember!

Clause	Linking words
Contrast	Although, whereas, while
Purpose	So that, in order to
Reason	Because, as

Practice

Finish the exercises printed out for you.

Answers exercise A.

1. So that
2. Although/while/whereas
3. Because/as. (Clause of contrast also possible)
4. In order to
5. Although/while
6. Because/as.

Answers exercise B

Free Workspace

Homework Friday:

• Do Grammar exercises Unit 20.