5.3.2 Tolerance and Scientific Revolution

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

5.3 Tolerance+Scientific Revolution

Before the scientific revolution

• Renaissance (rebirth)
• Humanism
• Church was important
• Bible was science

Renaissance and science?

Around 1500, the Renaissance began in Italy. 

• New view of man and the world
• Life in the here and now instead of  life after death. 
• Admiration for the works of the old Greeks and Romans. 
• Innovations in literature, art and architecture.
• In the 16th century, the Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe. 

Scientific Revolution

• Church and Bible often criticised
• Church often disagrees with inventions
• Scientists not incredulous
• Show how intelligent God's creation is

Freedom and tolerance

• There was more freedom and tolerance in the Republic than in other countries.

The Regents of the Republic did not tell people how to live or what religion to follow.

Many scholars could (mostly) write whatever they wanted in the Republic without risking

Freedom

• You can see this tolerance well in the graph on the next slide

                                  A tolerant climate

               a tolerant climate

                            scientific revolution

Limits to tolerance

• Freedom of speech and religion
  
• Catholics were tolerated but inferior citizens
  
• Hidden churches
  

Tolerance in Europe?

- Many people fled to the Republic from:

France: King Louis XIV prosecuted protestants (withdrew Edict of Nantes).

Spain and Portugal: no freedom of religion or freedom of speechs

- Famous refugees: Baruch Spinoza and René Descartes

Famous philosophers/scientists

Hugo de Groot: international law

- Christiaan Huygens :pendulum clock

- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: microscope (bacteria)

Start Scientific Revolution

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

• 1632-1723
• Delft
• Inventor of microscope
• Founder of microbiology

How did European expansion promote scientific interest? (causal relationship)

European expansion brought people into contact with the new products (potato, tomato, maize, llama) and new cultures (Incas and Aztecs), which they started to scientifically investigate/which sparked scientific interest.

The voyages of discovery to the New World: new peoples, natural areas and raw materials were introduced to Europe. 

Scientists: wanted to explore this. 

Moreover:  the discovery of a completely new continent shook the traditional worldview.

Consequences

-Rise of new worldview.

-Wealth increased.

-Better health.

-Europe got ahead and was able to dominate other parts.

-Start of the Enlightenment.

What does tolerance mean?

Scientific revolution?