kunst in middeleeuwen en vroegmoderne tijd

• geschiedenis
• Secundair onderwijs

people in this lesson

Leonardo da Vinci

Johannes Gutenberg

Michelangelo

Nicolaus Copernicus

any idea what they are famous for?

Just take a guess...

One of the most brilliant men that ever lived was born in 1452, near the small village of Vinci, close to the Italian city of Florence. He is known to be a perfect example of a Homo Universalis, a person that is an expert in many different fields. This man was a sculptor, a painter, an architect, an anatomist, a poet, a writer, an engineer and much more. Even during his lifetime he was a legend, although many of his works remain a mystery. His name was Leonardo da Vinci

Let's start with the 

RENAISSANCE

Why do so many people love Italy today?

RENAISSANCE

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Let's go back to 15th century Italy

Renaissance

• a period WITHIN the Time of D & R

• started in Italy and spread across Europe
• It means "REBIRTH"  (= something that has died and is coming back to life)
• What was coming back? The history and culture of Greeks and Romans (=Antiquity)

5. 

The Time of 

Discoverers and Reformers

1.1  The Renaissance 

THE RENAISSANCE

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? (1)

• Trade flourished in Italian city states. 
  
• Rich Merchants wanted to show off their wealth 
• How? By hiring artists to make paintings and statues (ART)
• They were inspired by their ancestors: the ROMANS
• And Italy happened to have many Roman remains
  

Why this sudden interest in the Romans, who lived a 1000 years ago?

Because of an event, that happened east of Italy......

1453: The Turks conquer Constantinople

• 
  

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? (2)

1453: the Turks conquered Constantinople

(the capital of the former Eastern Roman Empire)

Here, the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans was preserved (in Western Europe it was destroyed)

Refugees brought this knowledge 

back to Italy

RESULT: Roman is alllll the fashion again!

• 
  

In fact: 

The Middle Ages were seen as...

just a waste of time!

highly advanced

highly advanced

primitive

Until 1453, Constantinople was the capital city of

1. the eastern Roman empire
2. The western Roman Empire
3. The Ottoman Empire
4. The Byzantine Empire

The Ottomans changed the name of the city into

1. Istanbul
2. Ankara
3. Son en Breugel
4. Rome II

In the 15th century, Italy was a united country

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The Renaissance came after the Middle Ages

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The word Renaissance literally means

1. resolve
2. rebirth
3. reestablish
4. relive

The Renaissance was a time in which people became interested again in the Middle Ages

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The Renaissance started in France from where it spread across Europe

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The re-discovery of the Greek and Roman culture had great effects on the Italians:

• Memento mori (Gedenk te sterven), wordt carpe diem (Pluk de dag)

• Mensen gaan meer leven voor het leven nu, en niet voor het leven na de dood

• God en geloof blijven heel erg belangrijk, maar het vertrouwen in de kerk wordt minder

The Renaissance changed the world in many ways:

I: changing worldview

1. The Medieval motto "Memento Mori" (remember that you will die) becomes the more Roman motto: "Carpe Diem" (seize the day)
   
2. God and religion remain important, but confidence in the Church decreases.
   

Carpe Diem

Memento Mori

The re-discovery of the Greek and Roman culture had great effects on the Italians:

• Memento mori (Gedenk te sterven), wordt carpe diem (Pluk de dag)

• Mensen gaan meer leven voor het leven nu, en niet voor het leven na de dood

• God en geloof blijven heel erg belangrijk, maar het vertrouwen in de kerk wordt minder

II: changing art

1. rebirth of Greek and Roman art & culture
   
2. more realism
   
3. many details
   
4. perspective (illusion of depth)
   
5. not only Biblical subjects, but also daily life and Greek mythology
6. naked body, anatomy.

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The re-discovery of the Greek and Roman culture had great effects on the Italians:

• Memento mori (Gedenk te sterven), wordt carpe diem (Pluk de dag)

• Mensen gaan meer leven voor het leven nu, en niet voor het leven na de dood

• God en geloof blijven heel erg belangrijk, maar het vertrouwen in de kerk wordt minder

III: changing architecture

1. Medieval churches were seen as "ugly". Its architecture was called "GOTHIC" (= barbaric)
   
2. New architecture was inspired by Greek, classical buildings:

•       Greek style columns
  
•       temple shapes
  
•       domes

     

Medieval (Gothic) style

Renaissance style

Roman original:

120 AD.

Renaissance copy:

 1580 AD.

Florence 

cathedral

St. Peter's

cathedral

ROME

St. Paul's

cathedral

LONDON

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