Grammar Theme 3 Passive + each, either, both, ...

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Grammar Theme 3

Goals

By the end of this class you:

- Know why you would use the passive

- Can turn an active sentence into a passive one

- Know the differences between both, neither, all, each, every and none

Passive

Why? To keep a (professional) distance in writing/speaking.

When to use the passive?

1. When we want to change the focus of the sentence:

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. 

2. When who or what causes the action is unknown, unimportant, obvious or 

'people in general':

He was arrested . (obvious)

My bike has been stolen . (unknown)

The road is being repaired. (unimportant)

The form can be obtained from the post office. (people in general)

What does it look like?

The passive voice contains of two elements:

the verb 'to be' + a past participle

Which time?

	Passive
	Past	Present	Future
Simple	A book was written	A book is written	A book will be written
Perfect	A book had been written	A book has been written	A book will have been written
Continuous	A book was being written	A book is being written	A book will be being written

Step by Step

1. Zoek het lijdend voorwerp in de zin.
   
2. Zet voorop in de nieuwe zin.
   
3. Zoek het werkwoordelijk gezegde.
   
4. Bepaal de tijd van het ww gezegde.
   
5. Zet om naar de passive (vorm van to be + vd)
   
6. Herschrijf de zin.
   

Example: Tim has eaten Frank’s hotdog.

                     Frank’s hotdog has been eaten (by Tim).

He gave her flowers and a box of chocolates.

I opened all the windows in the kitchen.

Germany will win the World Cup in 2022.

The thief stole all of my expensive necklaces.

He is selling the stolen televisions for $400 each.

All the witnesses described the same person.

Both, either, neither, all, each, every and none

Both, either en neither

• Je gebruikt both, either en neither als je het hebt over twee personen, dieren of dingen.
  
• Je kiest voor both (beide) als het zelfstandig naamwoord waar het bij hoort in het meervoud staat, bijvoorbeeld “Both cakes are delicious.”
  
• Als het zelfstandig naamwoord in het enkelvoud staat, dan gebruik je neither of either. Either betekent “een van beide” en neither betekent “geen van beide”. 
  

Each

• Each kun je gebruiken als je twee of meer personen, dieren of dingen hebt. Hij staat altijd vlak voor het zelfstandig naamwoord. Als je each gebruikt, dan leg je de nadruk op de individuele dingen. Je kunt bijvoorbeeld zeggen “Each year, fewer people move to the Netherlands.”
  

All, every and none

• Je gebruikt all, every of none als het om meer dan twee personen, mensen of dingen gaat. All betekent “alle”, every betekent “iedere” en none betekent “geen/niet een”. Als je every gebruikt, dan kun je vaak ook each gebruiken. Bij every leg je dan meer nadruk op het geheel en bij each op de individuele dingen.

Example: All his clothes were on the floor, Every book that he wrote her was about her, None of the recipes were good enough

Choose the correct alternative(s)

Choose all the correct answers, so more than one answer is possible!

......Ellie and Nicolas wanted to sit in the front

1. either
2. neither
3. both
4. none

We passed......our courses

1. neither
2. each
3. every
4. all

You must believe.....story; they are both ridiculous

1. each
2. neither
3. both
4. all

.....time I have to go outside, it's raining.

1. Each
2. None
3. All
4. Every

.....of us wanted to go first.

1. Both
2. None
3. Neither
4. All

There are trees on....side of the river.

1. each
2. none
3. either
4. both

.....suspect received a different sentence.

1. Each
2. None
3. Every
4. All