T3 Chapter 7 Revision

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Revision chapter 7 - Russia

Russian climate 

What is permafrost ?

What is the name of this graphic ?

Why is it so cold in Russia?

Three reasons for a cold climate

1. Altitude

2. Continental landmass

3. High mountain ranges

True

False

Russian rivers flow mostly from west to east

Characteristics of a tundra landscape are mosses, grasses and shrubs

Winter is the worst season for motorized traffic

Russia has only one climate

Soil in Russia

Soil = Top layer of the earth (+/- first meter) 
- Climate has a big influence on the soil.

Why is soil importent? 
- It is essential for plant growth.

Thawing of permafrost in spring causes:

1. That roads becomes accesible again
2. Roads become muddy & inaccesible
3. That there is enough water again

Russian soil

What is soil?

Why is soil important?

What influences soil?

Northern Russia

Podzol 

very sandy and infertile soil.

Cold and wet climate

low evaporation,

eluviation - illuviation

hardpan

Southern in Russia

Chernozem or black earth

Found south of the podzol in the

loess belt.

More balanced climate

evaporation = precipitation

fertile soil develops

suitable for agriculture

unsuitable for agriculture

sandy soil

loess

eluviation

chernozem

More precipitation than evaporation

fertile soil

Russia: a demographic time bomb

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Why is it important for a country to 'not have it's population shrink' the way it did in Russia?

Consequences for Russia's demography

- low birth rates: people feared to lose their jobs etc --> family planning.

- high death rates: unhealthy lifestyles causing low life expectancy.

Name 3 effects of the shrinking population on Russia:

Russia: economic & political system

What is a planned economy?

What happened to the quality of products in the planned economy USSR

1. improved
2. degraded
3. not much changed

Russia during soviet Union

The Soviet Union was a planned economy.  The state decided what was produced and how much of it was needed. 

Disadvantages planned economy:

- products of inferior quality 

- little respect for the environment

 

What are means of production ?

In what period was the means of production controlled by the state

1. Before 1997
2. 1917-1991
3. 1991 -2010
4. After 2010

Capitalism

Communism

Free market economy

Planned economy

private entrepeneurs responsible for production

State / government responsible for production

Russia during soviet Union

In the Soviet Union the State was owner of all the means of production

means of production: 3 things you need to produce anything

• Labour
• Natural resources
• Capital

What is a federation?

True or false: Russia is a federation

1. True
2. False

Federation

centrally governed state

USA

France

Germany

everywhere the same laws apply

Different laws in each province/state

The Netherlands

Ukraine

Ukraine

Background

Ukraine was part of USSR

1991: It became independent.

The West and Russia continue to fight over Ukraine.

Ukraine

Ukraine is the "bridge" between Russia and Western Europe. 

This can be positive, but it also causes a lot of conflict

Why is Ukraine important to Russia?

Political

Historic

Economic

Cultural

Military

Sebastopol

 Soviet Union

Russian language

Industrial cities

Buffer between Russia & West

Russia: geo-politics

What are geo-politics?

Russia engages in geo-politics

= political power that a country wields by exploiting its natural resources or its geographical location.

Plan for future:

- Agreement to double Nord Stream
-  Plans for Turkish Stream (2019)
 Europe no longer gets gas via Ukraine?