CH4 sec. 4.5 The rise of socialism

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH4 The age of citizens and steam engines

The Industrial Revolution

sec. 4.5 The rise of socialism

Learning objectives

Main question: Who were committed to improving the social position of the lower classes?

• You can explain how and when the Netherlands industrialised.
• You can explain what constitutes industrialisation.
• You can explain which two groups of socialists existed and to which ideals they were committed.
• You  know the terms and dates of this section.

The industrial revolution in the Netherlands

Second half of the 19th century 

industrialisation of the Netherlands.

• Introduction of steam engine
• Improvements in agriculture  (mechanisation and expansion of agricultural area)

• Textile mills and factories for the processing of agricultural products.
• Around 1890 heavy industry: engineering and shipbuilding
  

The industrial revolution in the Netherlands

Improvements in infrastructure stimulated trade (especially with Germany)

• Port of Rotterdam
• Expansion of railroad network
• Construction of wider waterways (Noordzeekanaal en Nieuwe Waterweg)

End of 19th century, coal mines in Zuid-Limburg opened.

Industrialisation led to urbanisation.

The industrial revolution in the Netherlands

• Men, women and children worked in factories
• Low wages and poor working conditions
• Hardly any improvements: lower classes remained poor
  
• Social issue = Problem of the labourers' poverty and poor living conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

Socialism against capitalism

In 1848 a small group of rich men (bourgeoisie) received the right to vote. (limited suffrage).

Voted for liberals. Wanted economic liberty (trade and industry). Against government involvement (rules and regulations).

Capitalism = An economic system in which everything revolves around money.  Land and factories are owned by businessmen who try to make as much profit as possible.

Socialism against capitalism

Lower classes had no say in government. Around 1850 >  socialism. 

Socialism = Political movement fighting for equality between rich

and poor in society.

Founder is Karl Marx. Wrote 'Das Kapital' and the 'Communist 

Manifesto' (with Friedrich Engels)

Two forms of socialism:

• communism
• social democracy 
  

Socialism against capitalism

Communism

• Class struggle between rich and poor. 
• Workers will seize power in violent revolution.  
• Inequality abolished. Classless society.
• Means of production like money, land and factories will be owned

by the state.

• State takes care of a fair distribution of goods  among the people.

Communism = Movement in socialism which aims to give labourers control through a revolution, thus creating a classless society.

Socialism against capitalism

Social democracy 

• Moderate movement
• No class struggle or revolution
• Improve living and working conditions of workers
• Drafting social laws in parliament 
  

Social democracy = Moderate movement within socialism, which 

aims to improve the labourers' working and living conditions

through parliament rather than revolution.

The first social laws

• First elected Dutch socialist was Domela Nieuwenhuis  

(hardly any influence).

• Social democrats wanted expansion of suffrage. More 

political influence workers..

• In 1894 Sociaaldemocratische Arbeiderspartij (SDAP)  

founded (leader Troelstra).  Dependent on other parties.

• Suffrage gradually expanded. In 1917 universal suffrage

for men.

The first social laws

1872 Trade unions permitted. 

Trade union = An organisation of people with similar occupations, 

which defends the rights of employees and fights for better 

working conditions.

Means: Demonstrations and strikes

Examples of social laws:

1874 Children's Act (Kinderwet van Van Houten)

1901 Industrial Injuries Act (Ongevallenwet)

1919 45-hour working week and 8-hour working day

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.