1.3 Start of the Dutch Revolt

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The start of the Dutch Revolt

paragraph 1.3

Can you give two reasons why the Dutch people were angry at Philip II?

What is NOT a task that the Duke of Alva has to do?

1. To centralise the provinces of the Netherlands
2. To built catholic churches
3. To punish revolting people
4. To persecute protestants

Which position was the highest within a province?

1. the king
2. governor
3. stadholder
4. mayor

Describe what happened during the Iconoclastic Fury

The start of the revolt

• The Spanish soldiers robbed and plundered
  Dutch cities and harassed women and children. 
• Consequence: the Dutch started to revolt, led
   by William of Orange.

             → the revolters were calles Sea Beggars
             (watergeuzen= protestants refugees who carried out small attacks)

The start of the Revolt

• The Dutch army did not win a lot of battles against the rich Spanish Army. 
• But the Dutch had one advantage, their soldiers fought for their own countries, while Philip used mercenaries = huurlingen (soldiers who fougt purely for money)
• Because Spain fought multiple wars at the same time, they did not always have the money to pay the mercenaries --> start plundering cities in search for foods and money
• Also, the Dutch knew the area they fought on way better. They attacked by small, strategic attacks, such as drowning a city and Spanish soldiers → e.g. Siege of Leiden

Union of Utrecht

In 1579, the provinces that were against Philip
decided to form an alliance: the Union
of Utrecht.

They had a common army and decided
that Philip would no longer be their king. 

Consequences Union of Utrecht

Philip took measures again.

• 1584: William of Orange was declared outlawed (= vogelvrij verklaard)
• 1585: The fall of Antwerp: the most important and the richest city of the Netherlands was conquered by the Spanish Army.

The Netherlands now existed of the Northern (protestant) Netherlands and the Southern (catholic) Netherlands.