YR3-TH3-LSN5

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

YR3-TH3-LSN5

Contraception and STDs

Learning goals section 6:

• I know what primary sexual characteristics & secondary sexual characteristics are.
• I understand and can explain the differences between the two.
• I can name and explain examples of both primary and secondary sexual characteristics in both humans and animals.
• I know how contraceptives work
• I know what STD's are 

Key words :

• barrier method
• chemical method
• intrauterine method
• natural method
• Emergency contraception
• STD's
• primary sexual characteristics
• secondary sexual characteristics
• childhood
• puberty
• adolescents

PRIMARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Are present at birth.
• Show a clear difference between the sexes.

examples: 

male: penis

female: labia & vagina

SECONDARY SEX. CHARACTERISTICS

• Develop later in life.
• Form under the influence of hormones.
• Often make the visual differences between the sexes bigger. 

examples: 

male: muscle development, sperm production

female: breasts develop, menstrual cycle.

Conception:

Contraception:

• The goal of contraception is to prevent the fertilisation of an egg cell (conception).

Contraception:

• The goal of contraception is to prevent the fertilisation of and egg cell (conception).
• It is often not aimed at preventing Sexual Transmitted Disease's.
• Different methods are:
• barrier method
• chemical method
• intra-uterine method
• natural method (periodic abstinence)

Emergency Contraception:

• If you are worried your are pregnant. There are options:
• morning after pill (first 72 hours), involves high dose of hormones.
• abortion (ethics), legal in the Netherlands up to week 23/24 of development.

STD's

• Sexually transmitted diseases.
• They transfer through bodily fluids (e.g. blood & semen) & skin-to-skin contact.
• Can be caused by many different pathogens. 
• Some can be cured, some cannot.

STD: Gonorrhea

CAUSE: Bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- redness and pimples in the infected area.

- sometimes yellowish liquid drips from the penis or the vagina area.

TREATMENT: antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: YES

STD: Hepatitis

CAUSE: Virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- Nausea

- Vomiting

TREATMENT: Anti-viral mediaction

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: in most cases.

STD: Syphilis

CAUSE: Bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- fever feels like a bad flu

TREATMENT: in fase 1-2 antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: only in fase 1 and 2

STD: Chlamydia

CAUSE: bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- itchy spots

TREATMENT: Antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes, but women do not always notice they have it and can end up infertile if they do not receive treatment in time. 

STD: Crabs

CAUSE: parasites

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- itchy spots

TREATMENT: special treatment

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

STD: HPV

CAUSE: a virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- warts in the genital are

- can cause a form of cancer in girls

TREATMENT: burning or removing the warts

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

Strong correlation with cervical cancer

STD: Bacterial vaginosis

CAUSE: an imbalance of the natural bacteria in a woman's vagina

SYMPTOMS: 

- itchy, pain with urination

- cramps in the vagina area

TREATMENT: antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

STD: Herpes

CAUSE: a virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- red itchy spots

- only contagious when active 

TREATMENT: creams

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: always stays in 

your blood, returns when immune system is inactive.

STD: Trichomoniasis

CAUSE: a parasite

SYMPTOMS: 

-irritation of the soft tissue.

- white-grey discharge (bad smell)

TREATMENT: medication

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: Yes

STD: HIV

CAUSE: a virus that attacks our own immune system

SYMPTOMS: 

- tiredness and fatigue

- when it becomes 

TREATMENT: virus inhibitors

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: no

Assignment

• Write down the route the male sperm cells follows from the moment it is created by meiosis until the moment it fertilizes the egg cell.

• Write down the route the egg cell travels from where it is created to where it is fertilized

What to do now:

• Complete the exercises of 5.3 in Longman.
• Study for Quiz.