YR3-CH5-LSN6a

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

YR3-CH5-LSN6a

Learning goals section 6:

• I know what primary sexual characteristics & secondary sexual characteristics are.
• I understand and can explain the differences between the two.
• I can name and explain examples of both primary and secondary sexual characteristics in both humans and animals.
• I know how contraceptives work
• I know what STD's are 

Key words :

• barrier method
• chemical method
• intrauterine method
• natural method
• Emergency contraception
• STD's
• primary sexual characteristics
• secondary sexual characteristics
• childhood
• puberty
• adolescents
• sexual dimorphism

PRIMARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Are present at birth.
• Show a clear difference between the sexes.

examples: 

male: penis

female: labia & vagina

SECONDARY SEX. CHARACTERISTICS

• Develop later in life.
• Form under the influence of hormones.
• Often make the visual differences between the sexes bigger. 

examples: 

male: muscle development, sperm production

female: breasts develop, menstrual cycle.

BABY

CHILD

ADOLESCENT

ADULT

ELDERLY

Sexual Dimorphism:

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecious species, which consist of most animals and some plants.

Contraception and STDs

Contraception:

• The goal of contraception is to prevent the fertilisation of and egg cell (conception).

Question

• Write down the route the male sperm cells follows from the moment it is created by meiosis until the moment it fertilizes the egg cell.

• Write down the route the egg cell travels from where it is created to where it is fertilized

Contraception:

• The goal of contraception is to prevent the fertilisation of and egg cell (conception).
• It is often not aimed at preventing STD's.
• Different methods are:
• barrier method
• chemical method
• intrauterine method
• natural method

Emergency Contraception:

• If you are worried your are pregnant. There are options:
• morning after pill (first 72 hours)
• abortion (ethics)

STD's

• Sexually transmitted diseases.
• They transfer through bodily fluids (blood & semen) & skin-to-skin contact.
• Can be caused by many different pathogens. 
• Some can be cured, some cannot.

STD: Gonorrhea

CAUSE: Bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- redness and pimples in the infected area.

- sometimes yellowish liquid drips from the penis or the vagina area.

TREATMENT: antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: YES

STD: Hepatitis

CAUSE: Virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- Nausea

- Vomiting

TREATMENT: Anti-viral mediaction

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: in most cases.

STD: Syphilis

CAUSE: Bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- fever feels like a bad flu

TREATMENT: in fase 1-2 antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: only in fase 1 and 2

STD: Chlamydia

CAUSE: bacteria

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- itchy spots

TREATMENT: Antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes, but women do not always notice they have it and can end up infertile if they do not receive treatment in time. 

STD: Crabs

CAUSE: parasites

SYMPTOMS: 

- red spots

- itchy spots

TREATMENT: special treatment

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

STD: HPV

CAUSE: a virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- warts in the genital are

- can cause a form of cancer in girls

TREATMENT: burning or removing the warts

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

STD: Bacterial vaginosis

CAUSE: an imbalance of the natural bacteria in a woman's vagina

SYMPTOMS: 

- itchy, pain with urination

- cramps in the vagina area

TREATMENT: antibiotics

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: yes

STD: Herpes

CAUSE: a virus

SYMPTOMS: 

- red itchy spots

- only contagious when active 

TREATMENT: creams

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: always stays in 

your blood, returns when immune system is inactive.

STD: Trichomoniasis

CAUSE: a parasite

SYMPTOMS: 

-irritation of the soft tissue.

- white-grey discharge (bad smell)

TREATMENT: medication

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: Yes

STD: HIV

CAUSE: a virus that attacks our own immune system

SYMPTOMS: 

- tiredness and fatigue

- when it becomes 

TREATMENT: virus inhibitors

CAN IT BE CURED COMPLETELY: no

What to do now:

• Complete the exercises of 5.3 in Longman.
• Complete the Lessonup “HW8”
• Study for the entry ticket.