v3a tto nederland mineralen OOO

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• Leerjaar 3

Chapter 2.5

Mineral resources in the Netherlands

Today

Last week

Debt surface and abroad

Exercises and homework

Ending

What do you remember from last class?

What are the diffrent era's called?

between what periods happend the K-T event that killed the dinosours

Earthquakes Turkey

- over 34 000 casulties

- convergent boundrey

- 7.8 and 7.5 on the scale of richter

Energy crisis

Russian-Ukrainian war causes problems for the energie supply in Europe:

Energy prices skyrocket and higher gasoline prices

shortcomming of a critical resource in europe: Natural gas

Are there any sollutions and what are the consequences

How are there eartquakes in Groningen?

1. Plate tektonics
2. Horst and Graben
3. Drilling for natural gas
4. Vulcanic eruptions

Natural gas in Groningen

1963, a natural gas field was discoverd in Slochteren. 

rebuilding the Netherlands after the war

Almost everywhere in the subsurface of the Netherlands is coal from the carboniferous area. 

During the coalification proces gas is formed, the source rock is the origin of the gas.

gas is stored in the reservoir rock where it is able to be drilled out and to be extracted.

Drilling has downsides: eartquakes.  therefore it was decided to drill less

in addition to natural gas, the netherlands also have small crude oil fields originating from the jurassic period

Salt

Salt in the netherlands originated from the permian period when the Netherlands was part of a shallow sea.

this salt is used for the production of clorine and this has further aplications like production of PVC Textiles and soap only a small part to kitchen salt

What type of rock is
limestone (kalksteen)

1. igenous rock
2. metamorphic rock
3. Sedimentary rock
4. a dead rock

Limestone

formed in the cretaceous period, the netherlands was part of a subtropical sea.

shells and skeletons of micro-organisms accumulated at the bottom. overtime limestone was formed

its mined via opencast mining and is used as fertilizers, sement production and building bricks.

sand and gravel

during the pleistocene epoch most sand and gravel were brought here via land ice and wind

sand and river gravel as building material

clay brought here as a sediment with floodings from major rivers

Dependancy abroad

 it does not have any of the 27 critical-metals

importing fosil fuels

decreasing waste until it has a cirular economy by 2050

Pleistocene

Crude oil

Natural gas

Coal

Limestone

Sand

River gravel

Salt

River clay

Plant remains

At the same time as iul and coal

wind

Cretaceous

Plankton

Riverfloods

Evaporation