4.3 Becoming fertile 2HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

B3 Becoming fertile

• Jacket in your locker
• Put your things on your desk

       Laptop/Book

       Notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor
  
• Read pages 25-28

Lessongoals

• Understand: I can explain where sperm cells and egg cells are formed by describing what happens in the sexual organs where this happens
• Understand: I can describe the menstrual cycle by explaining its different phases.
• Remember: I can list materials women can use during their period and describe how they are used by naming different products and explaining their purpose.

Homework U4 B3

Secret Student

This lesson, I have randomly picked someone to be the secret student.

I pay special attention to:

• Your use of English
• Your participation in the lesson

At the end I will reveal the secret student, If I can give them positive feedback, they also earn 1/3 +0,5 OR +1 cm² cheat sheet.

Wheel of homework

Go to Lessonup.app and use this code

Reward

Penalty

Rewards

• +1 cm2 cheatsheet = you get to make a cheatsheet for a test. This starts being 1 by 1 cm. Everytime you earn this it gets 1 cm bigger to a max of 4 by 4 cm.
• 1/3 +0.5 = If you earn this 3 times you get to add 0,5 to one of your biology marks.
• Snitch = You can pick a classmate who also is checked for homework, you earn two V's (having 3 earns you a 1/3 +0,5)
• Too bad = You only get one V
  

penalties

• 45 min extra worktime = you need to come after school and do homework, this will last for 45 min or until the task is done
• Coloringpage = You get to pick a coloringpage, You need to color it and perform tasks that might be on it. You need to hand it in during the next lesson, If you don't you get 2 marks.
• 2/1 marks = a mark is an X, if you get 3 of these you will automaticly earn the 45 min extra worktime.
• Snitch = You can pick a classmate who also is checked for homework
• Lucky! = You don't get a penalty

What does fertile mean?

Getting a lower voice is an example of a ..?.. sex characteristic (1 word)

Most people are attracted to people with: soft, supple skin, healthy functioning bodies and nice hair.
Explain why this makes sense biologically.

What part of the male sexual organ makes spermcells?

1. Testes
2. Ovaries
3. Epididymis
4. Sperm ducts

Sperm cells and sperm

• Testes make millions of sperm cells each day
• Sperm is a combination of: 

sperm cells + liquid from epididymis + Liquid from prostate

• During an orgasm a man will ejaculate/cum = sperm 

       comes out of the penis

a sperm cell

sperm cells and an egg cell (pictured)

Testis

Testes make millions of sperm cells each day.

Production of them starts around 13 years old and goes on until high age.

1

Epididymis

Epididymis store sperm cells made in the testes.

During an ejaculation, sperm cells from this spot goes into the sperm ducts.

2

Sperm duct

sperm ducts transport sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra, they pass the seminal vesicles and prostate.

3

Seminal vesicle

Seminal vesicles produce a liguid that is added to the sperm cells.

This liquid contains nutrients for the sperm cells.

Sperm cells only pass the seminal vesicles!

4

Prostate

The prostate produces a liguid that is added to the sperm cells.

This liquid contains nutrients for the sperm cells.

After adding liquid from both seminal vesicle and prostate the combined substance is called sperm.

5

Urethra

During a urethra sperm will exit the body via the urethra. During sex this will happen inside the vagina.

When a man goes to the toilet, urine exits the body through the urethra.

6

1

Sperm enters the female body 

♂

2

Sperm swims through the uterus, towards the fallopian tubes.

♂

3

1 sperm cell can fertillize the egg cell, the others die

Without an egg cell the sperm will die

♂

1

an ovum (egg cell) is released from the ovary = ovulation

♀

2

Egg cell is fertilized by sperm cells and starts cell division.

OR

Egg cell is not fertilized and dies in fallopian tube

♀

3

the fertiziled egg cell starts cell division

♀

4

Implantation of the fertilized egg cell, pregnancy has begun.

♀

fallopian tube

fertilization

ovulation

ovary

implantation

thick mucous lining

uterine wall

cervix

opening of uterus

Ovulation = The moment an egg cell is released from an ovary.

Inside ovaries egg cells are maturing, once this is done they are released

Fertilization = The moment an egg cell and sperm cell become one.

This creates a fertilized egg cell, which will develop into an embryo

inside the uterus, a thick mucous layer grows. also called the inner lining.

It's main function is to give nutrients to a fertilized egg cell to help it develop

Menstrual cycle

• In between 2 ovulations is about 4 weeks of time
• Uterus makes a thick mucous layer/inner lining
• Menstruation/period = getting rid of this inner lining
• Every month this tissue is made en then released from the body

During a pregnancy this will change into the placenta.

It provides the fertilized egg cell with nutrients and oxygen, helping it develop into a baby

Menstrual cycle

Menstruation/period

Uterus gets rid of the mucous layer, this comes out of the vagina.

This takes 4 days on average (but can take longer/shorter)

1

Uterus starts making new mucuous tissue.

This slowly becomes thicker

Ovulation

(about) 14 days after the start of the menstruation a new egg cell is released from an ovary

14

inner lining of uterus keeps getting thicker

Next menstruation/period

(about) 28 days after the start of the last menstruation the next menstruation will happen.

This only happens if the egg cell wasn't fertilized 

28

Cycle repeats

Menopause

Between the age of 40 and 60, less estrogen is produced in the body of a woman. This makes a woman go into menopause. 

At some point the menstrual cycle will stop.

No egg cells will mature, and menstruation stops.

A woman is now post-menopausal

What would happen if the menstrual cycle would keep on going after fertilization of the egg cell?

What can women use during their period?

Is it possible for a woman using a tampon,
to use the toilet?
Why (not)?

An ovulation happens and 2 days later the egg cell hasn't been fertilized.
What happens now?

1. Egg cell dies in the ovary
2. Egg cell dies in the fallopian tube
3. Egg cell dies in the uterus
4. Egg cell dies in the vagina

What you should do: U4 B3

• Pgs. 25-35
• Asgmt. 1-8, 5C
  

OF uitdaging

• Asgmt. 6-10 

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions
• Silent, don't disturb anyone
  
• Stay at your  desk

What you should do: U4 B3

• Pgs. 25-35
  
• Asgmt. 1-8, 5C
  

OF uitdaging

• Asgmt. 6-10 

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions
• Only whisper with the student next to you
• Stay at your  desk

Many women use tests to tell if they are pregnant.

How could a woman know she is pregnant without needing to do a test?

Secret Student

The secret student was .......

I paid special attention to:

• Your use of English
• Your participation in the lesson

If I can give them positive feedback, 

they also earn 1/3 +0,5 OR +1 cm² cheat sheet.

Tidy Duty

3 people each lesson

• Desks: empty and straight
• Chairs:  underneath the desks OR end of day: on the desks
• Floor: no rubbish