Anne Frank TTO

• history
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1-5

Anne Frank (1929-1945) 

Deze les is gebaseerd op informatie van de 

Anne Frank Stichting 

werkvorm van Petra van Wingerden  

https://geschiedenisendidactiek.wp.hum.uu.nl/lessen/mysterie-wie-verraadde-de-bewoners-van-het-achterhuis/ 

What do you already know about Anne Frank?

Lesson objectives

At the end of this lesson you learn about the life of Anne Frank:

- how life under Nazi regime restricted her life, but not her thoughts 

- why it is important to share her biography 

- what you can learn from her 

- who betrayed her? 

Watch the following documentary about Anne's life

docu from Anne Frank Stichting (c)

introduction (1)

It is a warm summer day in 1944 and the residents hardly dare to believe it. The Allied Forces were already in Belgium and who knows when they could be here? They have been hiding in the Achterhuis for two years, while Otto Frank's company, Opekta, "just” keeps working. There are four people from the office staff who know about the people in hiding. The rest is unaware...

But then……. Julius Dettmann is an officer for the SD (Security Service) and works in Amsterdam. He receives a phone call and then immediately orders Karl Silberbauer to get to him. The assignment is clear: "You must pick up people in hiding, Prinsengracht 263. You must be in the Achterhuis."

introduction (2)

Karl Silberbauer and a number of NSB members rush to the address and because of the heat the doors of the warehouse are wide open. The men walk in and find Willem van Maaren there. He makes a hand gesture. The office workers are startled when the men suddenly stand in front of them. Victor Kugler knows it's over and leads the men to the bookcase. The eight people in hiding have been betrayed…. But by whom?

assignment

1. You will try to find out who betrayed the inhabitants of the Achterhuis (secret Annex) 
2. read and analyse the sources: is the info reliable? can you connect sources?
3. make notes about the suspects: write down reasons of betrayal
4. derive an opinion from all the sources: who betrayed them? 

source 1: note 

The German occupiers knew that people were in hiding and wanted to persuade the Dutch to report them. If you did this, you got 7.50 guilders and later even 40 guilders (at that time a weekly wage!) This is a note in which two people in hiding in Haarlem are betrayed.

Aan de Hoge politie 

In de Van Speikstraat wonen ook nog de familie Hok die zeker vergeten opgehaald te worden. Deze Joden wonen er nog steeds- een bewoner van de Van Speikstraat.

source 2: Prinsengracht 263

The warehouse and the Opekta workshop were located on the ground floor. The offices were on the first and second floors. With Opekta women could make jam at home, but because this was only possible if there was fresh fruit, they later also started selling herbs.

source 3.

In several records from the SD (Sicherheitsdienst/ security service) Tonny Ahlers provides information. 

source 4.

Anne wrote in the spring of 1944 in her diary about Keg's husband:

"Peter's window is no longer allowed to open, because Keg's husband saw the window open. What will they think at Keg? ”

source 5. 

This is what the block at the secret Annex looks like now. You can see not only the surrounding streets, but also the gardens behind the houses. (Google maps 2020)

source 6.

A neighbor on the Westermarkt:

"My husband has had an accident at work and will not be able to work for the next few months. As if life isn't bad enough already... 

This morning I even couldn't get any bread with a coupon.

Source 7.

about Willem van Maaren: 

Works in the company's warehouse, but no one trusts him. He has already stolen items from the warehouse a number of times.

Source 8.

The man from Keg:

The Keg company is located at  Prinsengracht 265 and the Frank family regularly gets under his skin. 

Source 9.

Willem van Maaren:

“I think people come into the warehouse at night. Tonight, before I went home, I put some notes on the corners of the cupboards by the door. If they are on the floor in the morning…. I know enough. ”

Source 10.

Tonny Ahlers (NSB member):

"I already knew Otto Frank in 1941. 

I found out that Otto was clearly concerned about the war in the Netherlands. He was afraid that the Jews in the Netherlands were not safe."

Source 11.

Supplier to Opekta:

"Every week I bring stuff into the Opekta kitchen. Then the ladies of the office don't have to carry it around like that. I just wonder why they need so many groceries…."

Source 12. Martin Sleegers:

“In the evenings I often go out on the street to keep an eye on the neighborhood. When there was a burglary in  Prinsengracht 263 in April, I went there to have a look together with a friend who works for the police. ”

Source 13. Anne in April 1944 (fictional): 

“We were shocked tonight. We all heard noises downstairs, it appeared that there was a burglary. We chased the burglars away, but it didn't stop there. Later we all heard voices again and we were totally confused. ”

Source 14. rumours about Martin Sleegers:

Martin Sleegers had friends with both the police and the NSB. Anne's diary shows that she also knew him and she didn't trust him.

___________________________________________

Source 15. Lena (the cleaning lady at Opekta):

“My husband (Lammert) has heard from Willem that there are people in hiding in the secret Annex. Is it still safe to continue to work here? If I know, others will know too. Soon the Germans will investigate and find Lammert here. ”

Source 16. 

Lammert (warehouse worker at Opekta):

“I have received a letter from the Germans. They want me to work in Germany, but I'm really not going. I have decided not to go and now four weeks later I am still working in the warehouse at Opekta. I just try not to stand out. ”

Source 17. 

Ans van Dijk (Jewish descent):

Lived near the secret Annex and even reported her own relatives to the Germans. She was sentenced to death after the war.

Source 18. 

Miep Gies (worked at the Opekta office):

"I went to the greengrocer to get food for Anne and her family. On my way back I took a different road, because I felt that I was being followed. ”

19. Miep Gies 

About the arrest of the Annex inhabitants. 

Click on the video:

Source 20

.Anne Frank in her diary:

"Margot and mother are nervous." SST ... father, Hush Otto, SST .. Pim! It's 8:30. Come here now, you can't let the water run anymore. Walk softly! " These are her father's various exclamations in the bathroom. He must be in the room at half past eight. Not a drop of water, no toilet, no walking, everything quiet. "

Source 21. 

A man who lives on the Prinsengracht:

“Yesterday two Jewish people in hiding were arrested. I heard they were reported by Ans. Hopefully other people in hiding are safe. Every night it is bursting with NSB members. ”

   

Source 22. 

Karl Silberbauer

   (SS-er):

    "My boss just had a woman on the phone. I have to  pick up eight people in hiding at the Prinsengracht. ”

source 23 

Anne Frank in her diary:

“Miep is exactly like a packed mule, she lugs around a bit. Almost every day she has been foraging for vegetables somewhere and brings everything with her on her bicycle in large shopping bags. She brings five library books with her every Saturday. Ordinary people do not know how much books mean to a prisoner, but fortunately Miep does. ”

Source 24. 

Miep Gies about Victor Kugler (both office workers): 

“Nine months before the fatal raid, Victor Kugler had to come to the Germans' office, but quickly returned. The next day I heard from Otto Frank that someone had rung at the door for a long time that evening. ”

Source 25. Lammert (warehouse worker Opekta):

  “Today was another delivery day. I spent the whole day on the road with Willem to bring herbs to all kinds of companies, including the company of Tonny Mahlers. ”

Source 26. Otto Frank (after the war):

“When I came back I found out that Miep and Bep kept the company running. Fortunately, Johannes and Victor were spared the terrible fate. Although they also ended up in Dutch camps, they survived. ”

Source 27. 

Karl Silberbauer (SS officer):

“That evening we arrested a total of ten people, eight people in hiding and two office workers: Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman. We left two women there, Bep Voskuijl and Miep Gies, who, like me, is from Austria."

Source 19. Otto Frank (after the war):

“When I came back I found out that Miep and Bep kept the company running. Fortunately, Johannes and Victor were spared the terrible fate. Although they also ended up in Dutch camps, they survived. ”

source 28. 

Description of Prinsengracht 263:

When you activate the link below, you will end up with a video. In it you see photos and drawings of the house on the Prinsengracht, along with the description that Anne wrote in her diary.  Ask yourself… How secret must this secret place have been?

Link 

Who betrayed them? 

answer the following questions 

1. Who do you think did or have done it? Maximum of two persons.

2. What evidence have you obtained from the sources for this opinion?

3. Why would this person have committed the betrayal?

Who betrayed the people hiding in the Achterhuis (secret Annex) ?

Tonny Ahlers

the man from Keg company

the neighbor on the Westermarkt

Willem van Maaren

supplier Opekta

Martin Sleegers

Lammert

Ans van Dijk

Victor Kugler

Lena (wife of Lammert)

check the answer in the next slide 

https:

frustrated for not getting answers? 

Anne didn't get any answers either. But she knew one thing... (click for the last slide) 

- 21 juli 1944 -

"Het is me ten enenmale onmogelijk alles op te bouwen op de basis van dood, ellende en verwarring. Ik zie hoe de wereld langzaam steeds meer in een woestijn herschapen wordt, ik hoor steeds harder de aanrollende donder, die ook ons zal doden, ik voel het leed van miljoenen mensen mee, en toch, als ik naar de hemel kijk, denk ik, dat dit alles zich weer ten goede zal wenden, dat ook deze wreedheid zal ophouden, dat er weer rust en vrede in de wereldorde zal komen. Intussen moet ik m'n denkbeelden hoog en droog houden, in de tijden die komen zijn ze misschien toch uit te voeren!"

Anne werd slechts 15 jaar

End of this assignment 

Kan jij het paspoort van Anne Frank volledig maken?

Anne Frank

Geboren: 12 juni

Overleden: 

 

Vader, Otto Frank: 

Zus, Margot Frank: 

Hobby:              

Schrijft aan: 

Overlijdt in kamp: 

Geboorteland: 

Woonplaats:

Geloof:

1945

1929

Amsterdam

Kitty

Bergen-Belsen

Auschwitz

quiz.ntr.nl