all grammar havo 4 wasp test 1

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

1 Past simple vs Past perfect

Past simple

You use the past simple for events that started and ended in the past. 

Important words to remember:

LADY

(Last, Ago, Dates in the past, Yesterday)

Past simple

Regular verbs:

You add -ed or -d to regular verbs in order to create the past simple (walked, loved). 

If a word ends in a consonent (medeklinker), followed by a "y", the "y" changes into "ied" -> studied. 

If there's a vowel (klinker) before the "y", this rule does not apply. (enjoy -> enjoyed).

 

Past simple

Irregular verbs are more difficult: they are all different and have no clear rule. You must learn them by heart. 

(to do, to eat, to fly, to go, to make, to put, to ride, to think, and maaaaaaaaaany more...)

Past perfect

You use the past perfect to speak about an action that happened before another action in the past

I had eaten a McChicken before I threw up. 

First: McChicken, Then: Threw up

Past perfect

To create the past perfect, just write down "had" followed by the past participle (voltooid deelwoord).

So, firstly: always write down "had". Then, look for the past participle. 

Past participle = +ED/D for regular verbs. 

You should learn irregular verbs by heart (3e rijtje). 

Past Perfect

d

I	Had	VDW
You	Had	VDW
We	Had	VDW
They	Had	VDW
He/She	Had	VDW
It	Had	VDW

thought

thought

thought

thought

thought

thought

2 present simple vs present perfect

Present simple vs present perfect

Present simple:

Used for things that

happen regularly,

such as every week.

I play football every

day.

Present perfect:

Used for things that started in the past, but still have influence or are still going on in the present.

I have broken my ankle last week.

Key words used with the present simple

                  - Always                              -Never

                 - Sometimes                     -Often

                 - Frequently                      -Every (day, week, month)

                 - Usually                             -Rarely

The present simple

- is used to talk about facts, habits or things that happen regularly. 

I,you,we,they	He, she, it	He, She, It Verbs ending in consonant + -y
Base form "eat" "walk" "buy"	Base form + -s "eat s " "walk s " "buy s "	Remove -y and add "ies" Study - Stud ies Party - Part ies

The present perfect

Used to talk about things that started in the past, and still have influence on the present or are still continuing in the present.

Always uses the auxiliary verb "have, has" plus the past participle

My brother has been ill for a week now, we should call the doctor. 

Present perfect

Have or has + past participle (voltooid deelwoord).

Yet, so far, since, up to now, For ..... years/days/hours, recently

3 past and present continuous

Present continuous 

The present continuous wordt gebruikt om aan te geven dat iets NU gebeurt.

Examples:​

I am walking about the present continuous.

She is listening to music during the explanation.

Signal words:

Right now, at the moment, look! listen! now etc...

Use a form of to be: 

am/are/is + werkwoord + ing

Present Continuous

When	iets wat nu / op dit moment aan de gang is.
How	I am walk ing he/she/it is walk ing you/we/they are walk ing
Signal words	now, at the moment, look ..
Example	The pupils are listen ing to the teacher.

Present continuous vs Present simple

I play football every week, but I am not playing football right now.

I always take notes for every subject, and currently I am taking notes in English class. 

Past Continuous

De Past Continuous gebruik je:

- als de handeling in de verleden tijd aan de gang was en op een bepaald moment door een andere handeling werd onderbroken;

Voorbeeld: I was screaming while we hit a roadsign

- als iets op een specifiek moment in het verleden aan de gang was. 

Je maakt deze door was/were + ww+ ing

Voorbeeld: Yesterday at 11:00 a.m., I was travelling by train. 

Past continuous

Hoe maak je die?

She was walking to school, when her phone rang.

I was drinking some tea, when my husband was working.

What were you thinking of?

Dus de regel is: .................................

Past Continuous

was

                                   of        +  ww   +  ing

were

He was cleaning the house.

Past Continous en Past Simple

Past Continuous = al aan de gang ( lang)

Past Simple = iets gebeurde (kort)

Past continuous vs Past simple

  

  We were baking pie, while Jim arrived.  
     She was panicking, when she heard the bad news.
I was travelling to Africa, when Julie called me.

passive vs active voice

Active voice vs. Passive voice

Active voice = focus on person (wie doet het)

I am baking a cake at the moment.

Passive voice = focus on action (wat gebeurt er)

The cake is being baked (by me)

Active vs Passive voice

Active: I bake a cake. (Onderwerp - ww - leidend voorwerp)

Passive: A cake is baked. (Leidend voorwerp - ww)

Hoe maak je de passive voice van een active voice?

Leidend voorwerp + to be + past participle

Active vs Passive voice

Active: I bake a cake. 

Passive: A cake is baked.

Active: The reporter published the news.

Passive: The news was published. 

Wanneer gebruik je de passive voice?

1. Wanneer het niet belangrijk is wie iets heeft gedaan. 

2. Wanneer de actie belangrijker is dan wie het doet. 

Active - Passive

(Subject)             (Present Perfect)        (Object)

                                      (Object)          (Present Perfect Pasive)      (by + original subject)

She    has helped     him.

He   has been helped   by her.

Active:

Passive:

Recognize: active or passive?

1. A lot of coffee is grown in Brazil.

2. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

3. My mother was being yelled at (by the officer).

4. The book is being read by my brother.

5. The marathon had been run by my uncle and aunt.

6. The water tap has been running for two hours. 

Alle tijden van de passive (let op volt. dw!)

Tense                    Active                                  Passive

Present Simple	I write a letter	A letter is written
Present Continuous	I am writing a letter	A letter is being written
Past Simple	I wrote a letter	A letter was written
Past Continuous	I was writing a letter	A letter was being written
Present Perfect	I have written a letter	A letter has been written
Past Perfect	I had written a letter	A letter had been written

Do it yourself... (write down)

1. Tim has eaten Frank's hotdog.

2. Jason is painting his room right now.

3. My uncle visited my mother last week.

4. My teacher was cleaning the classroom.

5. The store employee is selling candy.

6. Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.

7. Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's great dinners