2.1 The first civilisations

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2.1 The first civilisations

The Ziggurat in the city of Ur (modern day Iraq). Was built around 2000 BC by a civilisation called Sumer.

2.1 De eerste samenlevingen (deel 1)

Drag to the correct place.

Sleep naar de juiste plek.

Hunter-gatherers

First farmers

Pottery

Nomads

Villages

20-50 people per group

Below are two statements:
I. Most of agriculture started close to rivers.
II. The dog was domesticated by the first farmers.

Hieronder staan twee stellingen:

I. Landbouw ontstond meestal vlakbij rivieren.

II. De hond is door de eerste boeren gedomesticeerd.

1. I and II are true
2. I and II are false
3. I= true; II= false
4. I= false; II= true

Name a cause to the invention of agriculture.

Noem een oorzaak van de uitvinding van landbouw.

Goal of the lesson

Goal

• Understand how an agricultural surplus resulted in specialisation and the development of cities.

Begrijpen hoe een landbouwoverschot resulteerde in specialisatie en het ontstaan van steden.

2.1 The first civilisations

The Pyramid of Djoser (oldest pyramid of Egypt). It was built around 2600 BC.

2.1 De eerste samenlevingen

Land of the two rivers (Mesopotamia)

Nile Delta (Egypt)

Fertile floods

•  1. The rivers flooded each year.
• 2. A fertile layer of clay was left behind.
• 3. Farmers can grow their crops.
• Effect = abundance of food.

Vruchtbare overstromingen

-De rivieren stroomden ieder jaar over.

-Een laag van vruchtbare klei werd achtergelaten.

-Boeren konden hun gewassen laten groeien.

-Gevolg: overschot van eten.

A system of small canals to spread water to dry areas is called irrigation. 

Agricultural surplus       Cause and effect

Rivers

The rivers flood each year

Bring in fertile clay

Agriculture

People used the flooding to build canals and maintain the water in the dry period irrigation

Farmers produced more food than they could eat = Agricultural surplus

Food

Because of the agricultural surplus not everyone had to be a farmer

Some people became craftsmen

People that make products by hand

A system of small canals to spread water to dry areas is called irrigation. 

First cities

• Started off as markets
  
• Farmers would sell their surplus
• Craftsmen started living here to sell their goods
• Agricultural-urban society  = most people work as farmers but some people specialise in other jobs and live in cities. 

First cities started as markets where farmers would sell their surplus. Craftsman started living here as well to sell their goods.

Drag to the correct place.

Fertile floods

First cities

Surplus of food

First cultures

First cultures

• Cities waged war against each other and worked together.
• Those cities developed the same culture: language, writing, laws, art, religion.

Eerste culturen:

-Steden voerden oorlog met elkaar maar werkten ook samen.

-Steden ontwikkelden gezamenlijke culturen: taal, schrift, wetten, kunst en religie.

What do we call the king of the first Egyptians civilisation?

Hoe noemen we een koning van de eerste Egyptische samenleving.

Goal of the lesson

Goal

• Understand how an agricultural surplus resulted in specialisation and the development of cities.

Begrijpen hoe een landbouwoverschot resulteerde in specialisatie en het ontstaan van steden.