4.3 Materials of the skeleton 1HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

4.3 Materials of the skeleton

• Jacket in your locker
• Put your things on your desk

       Laptop/Book

       Notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor
  
• Read pages 96-99

Lessongoals

• Remember: I can name at least three places in the body where cartilage is found and describe in one sentence why cartilage is tough but flexible.
• Understand: I can label the main parts of a long bone on a simple drawing and write one short function for each part.
• Understand: I can explain how calcium and collagen together make bones both strong and slightly flexible, in two or three sentences.
• Analyse: I can compare the skeleton of a child, an adult and an elderly person by naming at least two differences in flexibility and bone strength, and link one of these differences to osteoporosis.

Homework 4.3

Asgmt 18-27

What is the name of the body part,
the arrow is pointing to?
(1 word)

Which of the following parts of the skeleton is not important for protecting body parts?

1. The skull
2. The ribcage
3. The spine
4. The limbs

Name the body part (not the bones)
(1 word)

In your backbone you have discs made of cartilage.
How are these called?
(2 words, plural)

Name the body part (not the muscles)
(1 word, singular)

What isn't a function of the skeleton?

1. Giving shape to the body
2. Making movement possible
3. Keeping organs in their spots
4. Protecting organs

This insect has a skeleton.
What is the name of the type of skeleton?
(1 word)

the head is the part of the bone that is on each end. That means most bones have 2 heads

the <b>shaft</b> is the long part of the bone in between the heads.

Just like other parts of your body, bones are alive!<div>This means they need food and oxygen.</div><div>Blood brings these substances to your bones</div>

Most bones have a layer of cartilage on their heads.<div>This is a flexible material that protects the bones.</div>

The middel layer of the shaft is made out of <b>compact bone</b>.<div>Compact means that there are no pockets of air between the cells.</div><div>This makes this type of bone very strong and rigid</div>

The outer layer of a bone is the&nbsp;<b>periosteum</b>.<div>This is a tough layer, where cells can multiply to renew your bones.</div>

On the inside of the shaft you can often find&nbsp;<b>(bone)marrow</b>.<div>This yellow tissue is where the cells of your blood are made.</div>

The <b>spongy bone</b>&nbsp;is found in the heads.<div>It has a lot of holes between the bone cells.</div><div>This makes it lighter</div>

Osteoporosis

When you get older (35+) you'll begin losing bonetissue<div>This means the holes in the spongy bone will become bigger. This is called <b>osteoporosis</b>.</div><div>This increases the risk of breaking bones</div>

Calcium (phosphate)

• Makes bone strong/rigid
• Doesn't bend

Collagen

• Makes bone slightly bendable/flexible
• Not strong/rigid

Ingredients of a bone

Imagine, you could remove all the collagen from a bone.
Explain, how would that bone change?

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Work on the assignment on your own.
• What is shown in the graph? What does it mean?
• What does this graph mean for a human?

• Pair: Discuss and compare with your neighbour, improve your answer
• Share: Talk about given answers during plenary session.

Cartilage

Bone

cartilage cell

extracellular material

extracellular material

bone cell

process

canal

Mostly collagen in the extracellular material.<div>Makes cartilage very bendy and flexible</div>

A lot of calcium phospate, but also some collagen in the extracellular material.<div>Makes bones rigid, but also keeps it from breaking</div>

Bones need blood to stay alive/strong canals are filled with bloodvessels.

These words I'll add to my PIF

What you should do: 4.3

• TB: Pages 96-99
• WB: Asgmt  18-27 (24) 
• 24 will be done during a lesson!
• Lt: Asgmt 1-10 (7)

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions
• Silent, don't disturb anyone
  
• Stay at your  desk

What you should do: 4.3

• TB: Pages 96-99
• WB: Asgmt 18-27 (24) 
• 24 will be done during a lesson!
• Lt: Asgmt 1-10 (7)

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions
• Only whisper with the student next to you
• Stay at your  desk

What substance provides bones with their strength and hardness?

1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Sodium
4. Collagen

Which type of tissue is better at withstanding pressure?

1. Neither bone tissue nor cartilage can withstand pressure.
2. Both types of tissue are equally good at withstanding pressure.
3. Cartilage is better at withstanding pressure than bone tissue.
4. Bone tissue is better at withstanding pressure than cartilage.