4.3 Materials of the skeleton 1HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

4.3 Materials of the skeleton

• Jacket in your locker
• Put your things on your desk

       Laptop/Book

       Notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor
  
• Read pages 96-99

Lessongoals

• You can name the types of connective tissue in the skeleton
• You can recognize parts of a bone and explain their functions
• You can list the two substances that make bones sturdy and flexible
• You can explain how bonetissue repairs itself
• You can explain how bones make you grow taller

Homework 4.3

Asgmt 18-27

Wheel of homework

Go to Lessonup.app and use this code

Reward

Penalty

Rewards

• +1 cm2 cheatsheet = you get to make a cheatsheet for a test. This starts being 1 by 1 cm. Everytime you earn this it gets 1 cm bigger to a max of 4 by 4 cm.
• 1/3 +0.5 = If you earn this 3 times you get to add 0,5 to one of your biology marks.
• Snitch = You can pick a classmate who also is checked for homework, you earn two V's (having 3 earns you a 1/3 +0,5)
• Too bad = You only get one V
  

penalties

• 45 min extra worktime = you need to come after school and do homework, this will last for 45 min or until the task is done
• Coloringpage = You get to pick a coloringpage, You need to color it and perform tasks that might be on it. You need to hand it in during the next lesson, If you don't you get 2 marks.
• 2/1 marks = a mark is an X, if you get 3 of these you will automaticly earn the 45 min extra worktime.
• Snitch = You can pick a classmate who also is checked for homework
• Lucky! = You don't get a penalty

Secret Student

This lesson, I have randomly picked someone to be the secret student.

I pay special attention to:

• Your use of English
• Your participation in the lesson

At the end I will reveal the secret student, If I can give them positive feedback, they also earn 1/3 +0,5 OR +1 cm² cheat sheet.

What is the name of the body part,
the arrow is pointing to?
(1 word)

Which of the following parts of the skeleton is not important for protecting body parts?

1. The skull
2. The ribcage
3. The spine
4. The limbs

Name the body part (not the bones)
(1 word)

In your backbone you have discs made of cartilage.
How are these called?
(2 words, plural)

Name the body part (not the muscles)
(1 word)

What isn't a function of the skeleton?

1. Giving shape to the body
2. Making movement possible
3. Keeping organs in their spots
4. Protecting organs

This insect has a skeleton.
What is the name of the type of skeleton?
(1 word)

the head is the part of the bone that is on each end. That means most bones have 2 heads

the shaft is the long part of the bone in between the heads.

Just like other parts of your body, bones are alive!

This means they need food and oxygen.

Blood brings these substances to your bones

Most bones have a layer of cartilage on their heads.

This is a flexible material that protects the bones.

The middel layer of the shaft is made out of compact bone.

Compact means that there are no pockets of air between the cells.

This makes this type of bone very strong and rigid

The outer layer of a bone is the periosteum.

This is a tough layer, where cells can multiply to renew your bones.

On the inside of the shaft you can often find (bone)marrow.

This yellow tissue is where the cells of your blood are made.

The spongy bone is found in the heads.

It has a lot of holes between the bone cells.

This makes it lighter

Osteoporosis

When you get older (35+) you'll begin losing bonetissue

This means the holes in the spongy bone will become bigger. This is called osteoporosis.

This increases the risk of breaking bones

Calcium (phosphate)

• Makes bone strong/rigid
• Doesn't bend

Collagen

• Makes bone slightly bendable/flexible
• Not strong/rigid

Ingredients of a bone

Imagine, you could remove all the collagen from a bone.
Explain, how would that bone change?

Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Work on the assignment on your own.
• What is shown in the graph? What does it mean?
• What does this graph mean for a human?

• Pair: Discuss and compare with your neighbour, improve your answer
• Share: Talk about given answers during plenary session.

Cartilage

Bone

cartilage cell

extracellular material

extracellular material

bone cell

process

canal

Mostly collagen in the extracellular material.

Makes cartilage very bendy and flexible

A lot of calcium phospate, but also some collagen in the extracellular material.

Makes bones rigid, but also keeps it from breaking

Bones need blood to stay alive/strong canals are filled with bloodvessels.

Renewing, repairing, growing

• You may skip the parts about: Osteoclasts/blasts and growthplates 

OsteoClasts > Crack the bone

OsteoBlasts > Build the bone

First osteoclasts break down old bone, then osteoblasts build new bone tissue

Growth plates are a special layer of cartilage cells in your bones.

These cells can multiply quickly.

New cells turn into bone tissue, making the bone longer and stronger

What substance provides bones with their strength and hardness?

1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Sodium
4. Collagen

Which type of tissue is better at withstanding pressure?

1. Neither bone tissue nor cartilage can withstand pressure.
2. Both types of tissue are equally good at withstanding pressure.
3. Cartilage is better at withstanding pressure than bone tissue.
4. Bone tissue is better at withstanding pressure than cartilage.

These words I'll add to my PIF

What you should do: 4.3

• Pages TB 96-99
• Asgmt  18-27 WB pgs 93-97, 
• 24 will be done later!

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions
• Silent, don't disturb anyone
  
• Stay at your  desk

What you should do: 4.3

• Pages TB 96-99
• Asgmt 18-27 WB pgs 93-97,
• 24 will be done later!

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions
• Only whisper with the student next to you
• Stay at your  desk

Secret Student

The secret student was .......

I paid special attention to:

• Your use of English
• Your participation in the lesson

If I can give them positive feedback, 

they also earn 1/3 +0,5 OR +1 cm² cheat sheet.

Tidy Duty

3 people each lesson

• Desks: empty and straight
• Chairs:  underneath the desks OR end of day: on the desks
• Floor: no rubbish