Introductie les fijnstof

• biolgie
• Voortgezet speciaal onderwijs
• Leerroute 1

 Particulate Matter

What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think about particulate matter (fijnstof)?

What is particulate matter?

- microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air

-  PM₁₀ and PM_2.5  

_{- absorbers and scatterers}

Which group of particulates contribute to global warming?

1. absorbers
2. scatterers

How do particulates come to exist?

- 90 percent natural origins

- primary particles

- secondary particles

 

PM_2.5

PM₁₀

primary particles

secondary particles

combustion process

mechanical or chemical processes

What are the health risks of particulate matter?

- long term: reduction of a human life, pulmonary diseases 

- short term: aggravation of lung diseases, irritation of the eyes, noses and throat, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath 

- fine particles can more easily enter the body, settle in lining of throat and nasal cavity, enter bloodstream

Which is more dangerous to humans? PM10 or PM2.5?

1. PM10
2. PM2.5
3. both are equally dangerous

What is the impact of particulate matter on the environment?

- direct effects

- classification about  scatterers and absorbers

- indirect effects; cloud forming, haze

- chemical composition

What is an indirect effect of particulate matter on the environment?

Sensor

- SODAQ

- measures several data; PM, GPS, quality of road surface, temperature, humidity, air pressure, time, organic gasses, voltages over the battery

- measured every 10 seconds

PM levels in the Netherlands

- gradually dropping

- below required norm

- doesn't reach WHO goal

PM levels rest of the world

- WHO air quality guidelines

- lowest in Europe is Sweden

- a big problem in China

- a lot of natural sources in Nigeria