Introductie les fijnstof

 Particulate Matter
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In deze les zitten 19 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

time-iconLesduur is: 60 min

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 Particulate Matter

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think about particulate matter (fijnstof)?

Slide 2 - Open vraag

What is particulate matter?
- microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air
- Two categories:
         PM10 and PM2.5  
(maximum particle size)

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

How do particulates come to exist?
- 90 percent natural origins (e.g. volcanoes, dust storms)
- Human activities (e.g. burning fossil fuels, power plants, road wear)
- primary particles 
      directly emitted into the air
      cars and trucks, open burning
- secondary particles 
       formed by chemical reactions of gases in the atmospher
       power plants,industrial processes
 

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

PM2.5
PM10
combustion process
mechanical or chemical processes

Slide 5 - Sleepvraag

What is the impact of particulate matter on the environment?
- Direct effect: affect the climate of the earth 
      PM changes incoming solar radiation 
               absorbers
                    most aerosols reflect sunlight, some absorb it
                    depends primarily on the composition and colour (dark can absorb)
                    warm the earth
               scatterers 
                      larger particles
                      scatter solar radiation towards earth

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

What is the impact of particulate matter on the environment?
- indirect effects; 
     cloud forming
         Polluted air contains more water-soluble particles.  
         More light scattering
         less sunlight to earth
    
      haze
           reduce clarity and colour of sunlight
           decreased visibility

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Which particles will lead to global warming?
A
absorbes
B
scatterers

Slide 8 - Quizvraag

What are the health risks of particulate matter?

- long term: reduction of a human life, pulmonary diseases 
- short term: aggravation of lung diseases, irritation of the eyes, noses and throat, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath 
- fine particles can more easily enter the body, settle in lining of throat and nasal cavity, enter bloodstream

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Which is more dangerous to humans? PM10 or PM2.5?
A
PM10
B
PM2.5
C
both are equally dangerous

Slide 10 - Quizvraag

Sensor
- SODAQ
- measures several data; PM2,5, GPS, time
- measures every 10 seconds

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

PM guideline levels
- Europian guidelines: 40μg/m³ 
              40μg/m³ PM10 per year                       25 μg/m³ PM2,5 per year                     
               max 50 μg/m³ PM10 per day    
- WHO air quality guidelines: 

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

PM levels in the Netherlands
- gradually dropping
- below required 
         Europian norm
- doesn't reach WHO goal

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

PM levels in Europe

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

A good research question:
- is a research question, not a research question. 
            The question is not good if the answer can simply be found.
- consists of one question. 
              The question is not good if it is composed of several questions.
- is an open question. 
              The question is not good if the answer is simply 'yes' or 'no'.
- is clearly formulated. 
               The question is not good if someone else needs clarification.
- can be answered

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Is this a good research question?
Does owning a pet improve quality of life for older people?
A
yes
B
no

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

A good research question:
- is an open question. 


- so:
In what ways does owning a pet improve quality of life for older people?

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Hypothesis
- Describes what you think the answer will be to you research question
- Should be a statement, not a question
- Should contain 1 answer to the research question, not all possibilities
- Does not have to be the correct answer to the question, just what you think
- You can use Google, to do soms research first

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

WARNING!!!!!
The routes you’ve biked will disappear on your personal dashboard when a new week begins (so take a screenshot every time you’ve biked!).

Slide 19 - Tekstslide