VWO 6 Writing an essay Class 6 (2324)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 6

VWO 6 - Writing Class 6

Today

Class work

- citing your sources 

Individually

- practise citing sources 

Lesson objectives 

• Ik weet hoe ik mijn bronnen moet benoemen. 
• Ik heb geoefend met het op de juiste manier benoemen van bronnen. 

Using sources in your essay

• Since you have to add the X (example, from the TEXAS method), you will have to use sources in your essay. 
• These sources need to be documented, since you cannot simply use other people's work. This would be plagiarism. 
• You can either directly quote a source, in this case you can use the exact same words as were used in the source.
• Or you can paraphrase what the source said, in this case you have to use your own words to describe what another author has said. 
• There is a difference between in-text citations, and full citations. 

In-text citations 

When mentioning information you have found in your paragraph, you are going to use in-text citations. 

There are a couple of options: 

• You are paraphrasing what another source said 
  narrative citation: According to Edwards (2017) ...
  parathentical citation: This is a point found in recent studies (Edwards, 2017). 
• You are directly quoting from another source 
  As mentioned by Edwards (2017) "..."
  This becomes clear when "..." (Edwards, 2017) 

In-text citations 

• Usually, a source is an article or study about the same subject. 
• When mentioning this source, you give the author's last name and the year the article was written/the study was conducted. 
• The table on the next page gives you information on how to cite different kind of sources. 

In-text citations 

	parathentical	narrative
when paraphrasing	LASTNAME, YEAR (Edwards, 2017)	Edwards (2017) mentions that...
when giving a direct quote	" quote " (Edwards, 2017, p. 15) use abbreviation p. for page	Edwards (2017) states that " quote " (para. 2) use abbreviatin para. for paragraph
when there's no author	( article title , 2017)	Studies have found... ( article title, 2017)

In-text citations 

	parathentical	narrative
when there are 2 authors	(Edwards & Thomas, 2017)	Edwards and Thomas (2017) noted that...
when there are 3 or more authors	(Johnson et al., 2005)	Johnson et al. (2005) suggested that ...

In-text citations 

	parathentical	narrative
when there is a group as author	(University of York, 2002)	Studies done by the University of York (2002) have shown...
when there is no publication date	(Brown, n.d.)	Brown (n.d.) stated...

In-text citations 

• Make sure that you only use the author's last name, no first name or initials. 
  
  
• Just give the year of publication, no exact dates. 

References

• At the end of your essay (or at the back of your document), you are going to include references. 
• Here you will give the entire citation, including all information of the source. 
• You are going to be making your references beforehand; this will be part of the essay outline you hand in a week before the test.

References

Complete citations include the following information:

• Who wrote the article?
• When was it written?
• What is the title of the article? 
• Where did it appear? 

References

You will write it down as follows:

Author last name, first name. (Year). Title of the work. Source where you can retrieve the work. URL if available. 

For instance: 

Edwards, John. (2007). A full guide to student's behaviour. The New Yorker. https://thisiswhereyoucanfindthis.com/...

more than 1 author?

When there are two authors you will write it down as follows:

Edwards, John & Thomas, Will. (2007). A full guide to student's behaviour. The New Yorker. https://thisiswhereyoucanfindthis.com/...

When there are 3 or more authors you will write it down as follows: 

Edwards, John, et al. (2007). A full guide to student's behaviour. The New Yorker. https://thisiswhereyoucanfindthis.com/...

Practise writing references 

• For each of the following links, write down how you would cite these in your references. 
• Also, give their in-text citations
  
  
• Go to our LessonUp folder to open this presentation, so you can do this practice exercise. 

www.theguardian.com

Reference:

In-text citation:

www.bbc.com

Reference:

In-text citation:

edition.cnn.com

Reference:

In-text citation:

www.classsizematters.org

Reference:

In-text citation:

www.sciencedirect.com

Reference:

In-text citation:

What to do? 

Now you are going to correctly include in-text citations and a reference page to the essay you have written about the topic: 

Can a class size influence student performance? 

N.B. If you didn't include proper sources before this point, make sure you re-write your body paragraphs as well. 

Hand in through Magister.learn

Today

... we have looked at citations and the difference between in-write citations and a reference page.

... you have learned how to correctly cite your sources.

... you have practised writing citations.

... you have included citations and a reference page with your practice essay

Next class

Reviewing your essay. 

Have a nice day!