3.5 the immune system

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

BS5 immune system

Start task

1. Copy the learning objectives below into your zuidschrift.

2. Write briefly: what are the three parts of a kidney?

Learning objectives, you can:

- explain how antibodies protect you against infections.

- explain how you can become immune.

- explain what happens during an allergy.

plan 

1. Review of the kidneys
2. Explanation of the immune system
3. Do the assignments
4. Homework

Leerdoelen, je kunt:

- uitleggen hoe antistoffen je beschermen tegen infecties.

- uitleggen hoe je immuun kunt worden.

- uitleggen wat er gebeurt bij een allergie.

Learning objectives, you can:

- explain how antibodies protect you against infections.

- explain how you can become immune.

- explain what happens during an allergy.

Last lesson was about kidneys

What do the kidneys do?

What are the three parts of the kidneys?

Urinary tract

In a kidney pelvis infection, the wall of a kidney pelvis is inflamed. This can be caused by bacteria that have entered the body through the urinary tract.

Through which parts did these bacteria pass, in the correct order?

Put in the right order: urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney pelvis.

Bij een nierbekkenontsteking is de wand van een nierbekken ontstoken. Dit kan worden veroorzaakt door bacteriën die via de urinewegen van buiten het lichaam zijn gekomen.

Door welke delen zijn deze bacteriën achtereenvolgens gekomen?

1. nierbekken > urineblaas >urinebuis > urineleider
2. urinebuis > urineblaas > urineleider > nierbekken.
3. urinebuis > urineleider >urineblaas > nierbekken.
4. urineleider > urinebuis > urineblaas > nierbekken.

Nierschors

Niermerg

Nierbekken

Nierader

Nierslagader

Foreign bodies

• Foreign substances do not belong in your body.
• Your body can stop foreign substances in three ways (keep them out!):
• With the skin.
• With the mucous membranes in the airways.
• With hydrochloric acid in stomach juice.

-->How could bacteria still enter your body?

Infection and defence

A pathogen (ziekteverwekker) has entered your body....

Luckily, you have a defence system (immune system)!

It fights pathogens.

White blood cells

White blood cells are your own soldiers.

1. Encapsulating (insluiten)                   2.Producing antibodies

               

Antigen

The immune system recognizes viruses and other pathogens by their antigens.

An antigen is a protein on the outside of a cell or a virus.

enclosing the pathogen

antibodies neutralise the 

pathogen

immunity

You often only get sick once from a pathogen.

Your white blood cells can remember which antibodies to make.

That’s how you become immune (= not getting sick because white blood cells can quickly make the right antibody).

immunity

You often only get sick once from a pathogen.

Your white blood cells can remember which antibodies to make.

That’s how you become immune (= not getting sick because white blood cells can quickly make the right antibody).

immunity

Natural immunity: this happens when you have had the disease yourself (e.g. chickenpox)

Artificial immunity: this happens through vaccination.

Vaccine

A substance that contains parts of a virus or bacterium (e.g. only the antigens) or a weakened version.

You don’t get sick, but your white blood cells get trained to quickly recognise and destroy the real pathogen!

But why do you still often get a cold or the flu?

Some viruses almost never change, but unfortunately, some viruses change very quickly.

Allergy

An allergy is a mistake in your immune system.

Your immune system reacts strongly to certain substances that are actually not dangerous (allergic reaction).

                                                                                                                       Anafylactische shock

What
How
Hulp	.
Done?	Homework done!

1) book: text + figures blz. 211-215

use your notes + your book

- explain how antibodies protect you against infections.

- explain how you can become immune.

- explain what happens during an allergy.

Do 1-4 and 6-8 (pp. 215-217)

What	Maak opdrachten t/m 9 blz 218-221
Hoe
Hulp	.
Done?	1. Nakijken en verbeteren (classroom) 2. Test jezelf 3.4 + flitskaarten in Bvj online.

1) boek: tekst en afbeeldingen van blz. 214-217 

2) buur  

3 ) docent

Je mag fluisterend samenwerken met je buur. 

Gesprekken gaan alleen over de opdrachten.

- uitleggen hoe antistoffen je beschermen tegen infecties.

- uitleggen hoe je immuun kunt worden.

- uitleggen wat er gebeurt bij een allergie.

Wat heb je geleerd?