Y3-TV3-Lesson 14 GKR Blood & Immunization

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Homeostasis, Health & Disease

Lesson 14

This lesson

• Progress Pathogen project
  
• Blood 
• Immunization and immuundisease

PATHOGENS PROJECT

• Did you finish your final report?
  
• Did you hand in your final report?

Do not forget:

• Submission date: October 25th 

A concept map

A concept map adds descriptions to links between two terms

Keywords

• Immunization
• Active / passive / natural / artificial
• Serum
• Blood groups
• Allergic reaction

• Plasma
• Red blood cells
• White blood celles
• Platelets
• Antigens
  
• Antibodies

Learning goals

• I understand what our blood is made of and how it works.
• I understand what the various blood groups are and how they can affect each other.
• I can explain what the concept of immunization means
• I understand and I can explain the various forms of immunization
• I can explain what the consequences are of a not properly functioning immune system

Blood

Blood plasma:

• Carries substances + fibrinogen (clotting)

Solids

• Red blood cells, 
• White blood cells, 
• Platelets.

Blood

Blood consists of:

• Blood plasma
• Blood cells
• Platelets

Blood components

• Red blood cell (red)
• White blood cells (purple and blue)
• Blood platelets (yellow)
• Blood plasm (not shown)

Red blood cell

White blood cell

Platelets

Blood

Immunization

• The action and process of making someone immune.

4 categories of immunization

Natural vs artificial immunization

Natural immunization

• the way someone encountered the immunizing agent occured in a natural fashion 

Artificial immunization

• the way someone encountered the immunizing agent occured in a artificial fashion 

Passive immunization

A way of immunization in which NO memory cells are formed because the adaptive immune system remained passive

Advantage: immunity is obtained almost immediately

Drawback: immunity is only for the short term

Examples: antidote against tetanus (artificial), maternal antibodies (natural)

Active immunization

A way of immunization in which memory cells are formed because the adaptive immune system was activated

Advantage: immunity is long-lasting

Drawback: it takes time before immunity is obtained

Examples: vaccination (active), infection (natural)

Someone is injected with an antidote: antibodies against a disease.

This is a form of ...

1. passive immunization
2. active immunization

Kyara is a baby who still drinks milk from her mother. This milk contains antibodies from the mother.

The described form of immunization is ...

1. natural
2. artificial

active 

passive 

natural 

artificial

Drag the example to the correct spot in the table

getting infected with the flu-virus

an unborn child receiving mommy's antibodies 

getting your annual COVID-19 shot

receiving an antidote against a snake-bite 

ACTIVE IMMUNISATION           PASSIVE IMMUNISATION

WHO PRODUCES THE ANTIBODIES?

Get the disease

- Make your own antibodies

--Make long term memory cells

Vaccination/immunisation

- Make your own antibodies

--Make long term memory cells

Placenta or breastfeeding

- Mother makes antibodies

--No long term memory cells

Serum (blood plasma containing antibodies)

- Antibodies from serum

--No long term memory cell

artificial

natural

In case of a vaccination, what is being injected into the patient?

1. antigens
2. antibodies

Vaccination is an example of what kind of immunization?

1. passive natural
2. active natural
3. passive artificial
4. active artificial

Blood types

Blood types of the AB0 system

Red blood cells carry different kinds of proteins on their membranes.

The most common ones are protein A and protein B

If you have blood type A, your red blood cells only carry protein A

If you have blood type B, your red blood cells only carry protein B

If you have blood type AB, your red blood cells both carry protein A and B

if you have blood type 0 (zero), your red blood cells carry neither

Amina has blood type B.

How will her immune system recognize proteins A and B?

1. protein A will be recognized as a self-antigen protein B will be recognized as a self-antigen
2. protein A will be recognized as a foreign-antigen protein B will be recognized as a self-antigen
3. protein A will be recognized as a self-antigen protein B will be recognized as a foreign-antigen
4. protein A will be recognized as a foreign-antigen protein B will be recognized as a foreign-antigen

Foreign blood types

If proteins are recognized as foreign:

• the innate and adaptive immune system will respond
• In the end antibodies will be produced against the foreign protein (antigen)
• these antibodies will form massive antigen-antibody complexes 
• as a result blood will clot
• causing the capillaries to clog up

Donors and recipients

Allergic reaction

• Exaggerated response against an otherwise harmless antigen (allergen)
• Common allergens: pollen, mites, nuts, shellfish etc.
• Antibodies against allergens bind to 'mast cells' (certain type of white blood cell)
• Histamine is released from mast cells
• Histamine causes all complaints linked to allergic reaction
• redness, production mucus, swelling etc

Allergic reaction

• Exaggerated response against an otherwise harmless antigen (allergen)
• Common allergens: pollen, mites, nuts, shellfish etc.

Keywords

• Immunization
• Active / passive / natural / artificial
• Serum
• Blood groups
• Allergic reaction

• Plasma
• Red blood cells
• White blood celles
• Platelets
• Antigens
  
• Antibodies

Learning goals

• I understand what our blood is made of and how it works.
• I understand what the various blood groups are and how they can affect each other.
• I can explain what the concept of immunization means
• I understand and I can explain the various forms of immunization
• I can explain what the consequences are of a not properly functioning immune system