2.3 Burghers in power

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH2. The age of regents and rulers

The Golden Age

sec. 2.3 Burghers in power

Program

• Video De Witt brothers
• Learning objectives
• Explanation 2.3.1
• Assignment 2.3.2
• Explanation 2.3.3
• Correct hw/ week task
• Evaluation 

Learning objectives

1) I can describe how the Dutch Republic was governed and what was so unusual about it.

2) I can use examples to explain that the stadholder and the regents sometimes had different interests.

3) I can explain how the Golden Age came to a close.

Government in the seventeenth century

In the seventeenth century...

1.  most European countries were  monarchies and ...

• State administrated by a king.
• Kingship is hereditary.

2. kings tried to centralize government.

Charles X (Sweden)

Absolutism

In the seventeenth century Louis XIV and other monarchs managed to increase their power and reduced the nobility's power. 

Absolutism

Form of government in which the king is totally in control.

Louis XIV (France)

Absolutism

According to absolutism the king's power is given by God.

Divine right made the king infallible. The king's laws were God's decrees.

Charles I (England)

Government of the Republic

1. No king or other ruler, but regents.

Small group of wealthy citizens was in charge of city governments and Regional Councils: .

2. Hardly any centralized government. 

The government of the Republic

Regional Councils

Provinces largely independent. All had their own laws and administration.

States General

• Foreign politics, defence of the country and government of generality lands and colonies.
• Every province had one vote, but Holland most powerful (wealthiest province, paid most for army and fleet).

The government of the Republic

• Stadholder

Army and navy commander.

• Pensionary (= raadpensionaris) of Holland

Highest official of Holland, advised the States General on foreign policies of the Republic and maintained contact with other countries.

What matches the Dutch Republic?

1. central government
2. governed by citizens
3. governed by an emperor
4. governed by a king

How do we call rich men who had lot of influence on the daily politics of the Republic?

1. regents
2. stadholders

The name of the daily government of a province in the Republic led by regent.

1. Regional Council
2. representatives
3. stadholders
4. States General

Which answer doesn't belong here?
Each province had its own ...

1. daily government
2. coins, laws and taxes
3. Regional Council
4. States General

The daily government of the province of Zeeland was carried out by the ....

1. Regional council
2. States General

Assignment

During the Dutch Revolt stadholders, like (...A...) and Frederik Hendrik, had status and power. In 1619 pensionary (...B...) was convicted for treason and beheaded because of a conflict with stadholder Maurits.

In (...C...) the Peace Treaty of Münster was signed. Many (...D...) wanted peace, because war was expensive and bad for (...E...). Also, they wanted to reduce the power of the stadholder.

Stadholder (...F...) then tried to take over power, but suddenly died in 1650. The regents decided to cut the size of the (...G...) and decided not to appoint a new (...H...). (...I...) - the pensionary of Holland - now became the most powerful administrator in the Republic.

Regents and stadholder

During the Revolt stadholders, like Maurits and Frederik Hendrik, had status and power.

In 1648 Peace of Münster (peace with Spain). Many regents wanted peace, because war was expensive and bad for trade. Also, they wanted to reduce the power of the stadholder.

In 1650 the army was reduced by the regents. 

Regents and stadholder

Stadholder William II wanted to continue fighting and when the regents reduced the army this led to a conflict.

When William II suddenly died in 1650 the regents decided against appointing a new stadholder. (First Stadholderless Period).

Year of disasters

In the Year of disasters (Rampjaar) 1672 the Republic was attacked from three sides by England, France, Münster and Cologne.

Year of disasters

Causes:

• England > take over the Republic's trade; 
• France > expand its territory as far as the Rhine;
• Both countries > break the Republic's power.

Course of the war:

• At sea admiral Michiel de Ruyter beat the English;
• French and German armies occupied Republic. 

Year of disasters

Consequences: 

• William III became stadholder;
• Johan de Witt resigned (and died);
• End of Golden Age, because of 

      wars with Fra en Eng (high costs 

      and bad for trade).

The bodies of the De Witt brothers

Bloeiperiode van de Republiek tussen 1588-1672.

Holland (Amsterdam) werd centrum wereldhandel.

• economische bloei
• culturele bloei (kunst en wetenschap)

How do we call the meeting where provinces worked together on bigger political issues, like foreign politics, wars and the defence of the country?

1. Regional council
2. States General

How do we call the regenten the Provincial States would send to the States General?

1. reformers
2. representatives

What doesn't match the States General?

1. Foreign affairs, war and defence of the country
2. Gelderland was the most powerful province
3. representatives from the Regional councils
4. unanimous decisions

How do we call the highest army commander of the Republic?

1. Grand pensionary
2. Regent
3. Representative
4. Stadholder

How do we call the political advisor of the States General?

1. Grand pensionary
2. Regent
3. Representative
4. Stadholder

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.