Lesson 6 (Tv2E): Diseases + Respiration in other animals

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Breathing and respiration

1.6 respiration in other animals

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Effects of Smoking

• Tar -> damages teeth and gums -> Causing decay teeth
  
• Loss of smell due to damage nerve endings nose
  
• Damaging cilia, which clean the air
  
• Less oxygen uptake in the alveoli due to toxic carbon monoxide gass exchange instead of oxygen uptake
  
• Restriction of the blood vessels and harm of the blood vesssel cells 
• Mutations in the DNA --> Cancer 

The good news --> Recovery possible! 

Asthma

• Inflammation of the airways
  
• airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus
  
  

• Exact cause is unkown
  
• Allergies
• premature birth
• smoking during pregnancy

inhalators

-Relax the muscles -> widen up the airways

-Anti inflammatory substances stop the inflamation

Breathing in other animals

Mammals

Amoeba

Worm

Fish

Insect

Mammals

• Where is the respiratory surface (RS)?
  Lungs (alveoli)
• How is the RS kept moist?
  Mucus
• Where does the organism get its oxygen from? 
  From the air
• How does oxygen go from RS to cells? 
  Via the blood
• How is the surface of the RS increased? 
  Lungs are composed of millions of tiny air sacs (alveoli)

What is an Amoeba?

• Single cell organism (Greek amoibe, means changing)
  
• Can alter it's shape
• Eats bacteria
  
• Lives as parasite in animals or in water 

Amoeba

• Where is the respiratory surface (RS)?
  Cell membrane
• How is the RS kept moist?
  They live in water 
• Where does the organism get its oxygen from? 
  From the water
• How does oxygen go from RS to cells? 
  Via diffusion into and out of the cytoplasm over the cell membrane
• How is the surface of the RS increased? 
  Folds of the cell membrane

Worm

• Where is the respiratory surface (RS)?
  Skin cells
• How is the RS kept moist?
  Mucus
• Where does the organism get its oxygen from? 
  Air 
• How does oxygen go from RS to cells?
  Diffusion between air and blood 
• How is the surface of the RS increased? 
  By ridges in the skin 

Fish

• Where is the respiratory surface (RS)?
  Gills
• How is the RS kept moist?
  They live in water 
• Where does the organism get its oxygen from? 
  From the water
• How does oxygen go from RS to cells? 
  Gas exchange between the water and blood in the gills
• How is the surface of the RS increased?
   Gill arches and fine lamelles

Insect

• Where is the respiratory surface (RS)?
  Spiracles (small holes in their abdomen)
• How is the RS kept moist?
  Not always moist
• Where does the organism get its oxygen from? 
  Air
• How does oxygen go from RS to cells? 
  By diffusion sometimes pumping air
• How is the surface of the RS increased? 
  Many tubes within tubes

HW for next lesson 

Kerboodle review exercizes

Question 1 - 9 / page 76 -77

Last 10 min. Word game