In deze les zitten 28 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 3 videos.
Lesduur is: 50 min
Onderdelen in deze les
The time of Regents and Monarchs
1600-1700
Slide 1 - Tekstslide
Discuss in pairs:
What?
Where?
When?
Slide 2 - Tekstslide
3.1 European Rulers
Slide 3 - Tekstslide
Slide 4 - Sleepvraag
Lesson objectives
- What absolutism is
- How European kings (like the French and English) became so powerful - How the Dutch Republic had a different form of government
Slide 5 - Tekstslide
Summary - Discuss the text in pairs:
In the 17th century, many states are increasingly centrally governed. Monarchs took more and more power to themselves. In the long run, the monarch ruled absolute: his will was above the law.
Theories arose to defend this absolutism. Thus the power of the monarch would have been given by God. The monarch was accountable to no one except God.
What does it mean:
- centrally governed
- he monarch ruled absolute
Slide 6 - Tekstslide
Persons this section
Louis XIV
France 1643 - 1715
Maurits van Oranje-Nassau
Stadtholder of the Republic of the United Netherlands
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
High regent of the Republic of the United Netherlands
William III
England 1688- 1702
Slide 7 - Tekstslide
Which ruler , do you think, had absolute power?
A
Louis XIV
B
William III
C
Maurits van Oranje-Nassau
D
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
Slide 8 - Quizvraag
Slide 9 - Video
What is absolutism?
A
God has the ruling power
B
The king is the supreme ruler
C
The king has unlimited power
D
God and the king rule together
Slide 10 - Quizvraag
I'm like the sun: I'm the centre of everybodies universe."
"It's legal because I say so."
"L'etat c'est moi"
"My reign is Gods will and the people have to listen to me."
Slide 11 - Tekstslide
Read 3.1
Exercises: 1 to 7
Slide 12 - Tekstslide
Put the terms with the right country
Dutch Republic
France 17th century
States General
The governor and the highest regent have a lot of authority
Almost all nobility lives with the king
Droit divine
Republic
Absolutism
Grandeur and Wealth
Slide 13 - Sleepvraag
Lodewijk XIV in power
As king, Louis XIV took all decisions, ministers were allowed to give him advice. According to Louis XIV, kings got their power from God (droit divine) and God could only judge their deeds. They didn't have to answer to anyone else for that. Thus Louis XIV defended absolutism, in which power was limited by nothing and no one.
Thus Louis put an end to the independence of the high nobility,
he also set up a large and well-organized army for France and even banned Protestantism (1685) which forced the French Huguenots to flee.
Palace Versailles. The palace had 226 houses and twice as many apartments for one person. It is estimated that between 3,000 and 10,000 courtiers lived in Versailles daily at the end of Louis XIV's reign
French Huguenots (Calvinists) on the run - 1688.
Painting by Charles le Brun (most important court painter of Louis XIV) from 1677, entitled 'Apothéose de Louis XIV'. The original meaning of the word 'apotheosis' is: elevation to the rank of the gods.
Slide 14 - Tekstslide
The Republic
In the 17th century, the Netherlands was a republic: the Republic of the United Netherlands. The highest government in each region was the States. The regions worked together in the States General, which took decisions about foreign policy and the army.
Administrators in the cities, regions, States and States General were called regents. Often these were a few wealthy families. Such a rule by a privileged upper class is called an oligarchy.
Slide 15 - Tekstslide
In the Republic:
A
The States had no influence and the State Gernal was very powerful
B
The stadholder took all important decisions and the States General gave him advice.
C
The states were very independent, but they took some decisions together in the States General.
D
All important decisions were taken in the States meetings of the States
Slide 16 - Quizvraag
Grootste religies in Europese gebieden - Europa 2018
Absolute rulers and religion
The countries where one religion predominates are also the countries where an absolute monarch reigned in the 17th century.
Slide 17 - Tekstslide
STATES- General
Army
Foreign Affairs (BuZa)
stadholder
High Command Army and Fleet
Supreme Court supervisor
GRAAFSCHAPPEN (counties)
nobility in the countryside
VROEDSCHAPPEN
Regents ruling in the cities
Appoints
Send representatives + pay taxes to:
Send representatives +
pay taxes to:
Independant States
own government
own courts of law
Appoints
Grand Pensionary
Secretary of State-General
Contacts with foreign countries (diplomacy)
Gives advice
Slide 18 - Tekstslide
Slide 19 - Video
The Stadtholder and the Highest regent
Two powerful men in the Republic were the stadtholder (commander in chief of the army and navy) and the highest regent (chairman of the States of Holland in the States General).
At the beginning of the 17th century a fierce power struggle arose between Stadholder Maurits van Oranje and Grand Pensionary Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. In 1618 Maurits had the Grand Pensionary arrested and executed. Later, around 1650, another battle arose. After that, the regents had had enough of the stadtholders and a stadtholderless era was instituted.
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was raadpensionaris van de Staten van Holland tijdens de Tachtigjarige Oorlog. Hij werkte lange tijd samen met Maurits van Oranje, maar werd persoonlijk slachtoffer van een door Maurits beheerst politiek proces dat leidde tot zijn executie.
Maurits van Oranje, prins van Oranje en graaf van Nassau was stadhouder en legeraanvoerder van de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden.
Na de dood van stadhouder Willem II in 1650, moest Willem III nog geboren worden. Regenten gebruikte dit moment om de macht van de Oranjes te minderen. In een bijzondere vergadering van de Staten-Generaal (de Grote Vergadering) werd afgesproken om geen nieuwe stadhouder te benoemen. - Dirck van Delen, Grote Vergadering 1651, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Slide 20 - Tekstslide
'In the days of regents and princes, the Republic was an oligarchy.' Explain this sentence, use the word "regents" in your answer.
Slide 21 - Open vraag
Netherlands in the 17th century -> Republic
-> controlled by regents
Often consisting of a few wealthy families (oligarchy)
Two mighty regents were:
-the Stadhouder (commander-in-chief of the army)
-the Grand Pensionary (representative of the region of Holland)
-> power struggle
Maurits van Oranje (stadholder) against Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (grand pensionary)
-> van Oldenbarnevelt executed.
Finally:
stadtholderless era
Regents = overheidsbestuurder
Oligarchy = regering door een kleine groep bevoorrechte personen.
Stadhouderloos tijdperk = tijd zonder stadhouder (van 1651 tot 1672)
Aantekening
Slide 22 - Tekstslide
Slide 23 - Video
Explain why Stadholder Prince Maurits had Grand Pensionary Van Oldenbarnevelt arrested and put to trial
Slide 24 - Open vraag
Read the source. What is the opinion of Huygens?
A
Frederik Hendrik een geode opvolger van Maruits is, want hij noemt Frederik Hendrik onoverwinnelijke schipper zonder weerga.
B
Frederik Hendrik een goede opvolger van Maurits is, want hij vindt Frederik Hendrik een sterke en besluitvaardige leider.
C
Frederik Hendrik een slechte opvolger van Maurits is, want hij zegt dat de schepen en wapens niets staan te doen.
D
Frederik Hendrik een slechte opvolger van Maurits is, want hij zegt dat Frederik Hendrik staat te dutten en voorkomt dat er wordt aangepakt.
Slide 25 - Quizvraag
Sleep de woorden naar de juiste plekken in de zinnen
De meeste landen in Europa werden in de 17e eeuw bestuurd door een [..................1...................]
Nederland was geen koninkrijk, maar een [..................2...................]
De Republiek der Verenigde [..................3...................] bestond uit zeven zelfstandige [..................4...................]
Elk gewest werd bestuurd door de [..................5...................] waarin vertegenwoordigers van de [..................6...................] en de [..................7...................] zaten
In Den Haag kwamen vertegenwoordigers van de gewesten samen in de [..................8...................]
Daar beslisten zij over [..................9...................] en [..................10...................]
Gebruik deze woorden
Staten-Generaal
Staten
vorst
republiek
adel
Nederlanden
gewesten
steden
het leger
de buitenlandse politiek
Slide 26 - Sleepvraag
Welke zin is ONJUIST? Lodewijk XIV maakte van Frankrijk een absolutie monarchie waarin:
A
De koning alle beslissingen nam.
B
De koning verantwoording aflegde aan de Staten-Generaal
C
De macht van de koning door niets en niemand werd beperkt
D
Ministers dienaren en adviseurs waren van de koning
Slide 27 - Quizvraag
The special place from a political point of view and the economic and cultural flourishing of the Dutch Republic (Golden Age)§3.2 & §3.4
What does it mean?
The crown is the symbol of the absolute monarchs of this time. The Amsterdam 'herenhuizen' in the background were inhabited by the powerful citizens, the regents, who had taken over the power of the monarch in the Republic.
The striving of monarchs for absolute power (absolutism)§3.1
The scientific revolution
§3.5
Trade capitalism and the beginnings of a world economy