Week 43- H4 and V4 - grammar Unit 1 explanation + websites for extra practice

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's class V4

• Irregular verbs
• Mock test
• Extra grammar practice in Studiewijzer & Of Course online
• Vocabulary - Expressions: Woordtrainer in Of Course online 
• Extra grammar explanation in smaller group

Unit 1 - grammar

• Present Simple (I never sleep / she always sleeps / Do you usually sleep? / She doesn't ever sleep over)

• Present Continuous (She is sleeping right now / They aren't sleeping right now / Are you sleeping?)

• Past Simple (I slept for 12 hours yesterday / We didn't sleep in till late last holiday / Did you sleep over at your grandparents'? )

• Present Perfect (She has slept for 8 hours now / We haven't slept well since the accident./ Has he ever slept in a hammock?)

• Asking questions (all tenses -> Do/does/did + hele ww ofwel 1e vorm/ Have you ever been-gone-seen etc./Had you ever gone-seen-done/Can-could-will etc.)

• Making sentences negative (all tenses -> Don't/doesn't/didn't + go/see/do -  hele ww ofwel 1e vorm/

haven't + gone-seen-done  +  3e vorm / Hadn't gone-seen-done etc + 3e vorm / can't - couldn't- won't etc.)

• Irregular verbs - know them by heart!!!!  (ex. to fly - flew - flown =  vliegen)

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

• Past Simple -> finished in the past/when=  mentioned
  
• Present Perfect -> 1) started in the past AND still going on 2) Result (when = not mentioned) 3) Recent action (when = not mentioned)

Past Simple -> I flew (2e vorm) to Sweden two weeks ago. Did you meet (did + HELE ww) her there last week?

Present Perfect -> I have never been (has/have + 3e vorm) to New York. Has she ever been (has/have + 3e vorm) abroad?

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

General rule Past Simple:

• Regular verbs: verb + ED
• Irregular verbs: 2nd form (know by heart!!!!! e.g. - fly - FLEW)
• Used when ACTIONION IS FINISHED - WHEN is IMPORTANT
• Signal words: when/ago/last night/last week/yesterday etc.

General rule Present Perfect:

• has (he/she/it) + past participle (-> regular verbs: verb + ED- e.g. workED / irregular verbs: 3rd form- e.g. fly-flew-FLOWN)
• have (I/you/we/they) + past participle (-> regular verbs + ED -e.g. workED / irregular verbs: 3rd form - e.g. fly-flew-FLOWN)
• Used for: RESULT is import (when=  NOT IMPORTANT/NOT MENTIONED; ASKING ABOUT EXPERIENCE; RECENT ACTION; ACTION THAT STARTED IN THE PAST + IS STILL GOING ON / FOCUS ON RESULT
• Signal words: for/since/already/never/ever/always/yet/before/how long/how often etc.

Signaalwoorden/time adjuncts

Signaalwoorden Past Simple

• when / then / ago /in 2001 / when I was young / as a child / last night  etc.

Signaalwoorden Present Perfect

• for/ since* / already / never/ ever/ always/ yet/ before / how long / how often / up till now / now

Bij "since" staat wel een tijd genoemd: een actie is al vanaf die tijd aan de gang t/m nu (en is dus nog steeds aan de gang en NIET afgelopen)

TIP: leer de signaalwoorden goed! 

Present Simple (vorm = hele ww; hele ww + s bij he/she/it) - she sings in church ever week) - H4 & V4 test period 1

• Feiten
• Gewoonten (altijd/nooit/soms)
• Werkwoorden mbt zintuigen (hear/sound/feel/smell)
• Werkwoorden mbt "state of mind" (like, love, hate, seem, to be, believe, suppose etc.)
• Toekomst: voor roosters/schema's (schooltijden/openingstijden winkel/vertrek & aankomst vluchten etc.)

Present Continuous (am/is/are + hele ww  + ing - she is singing right now) - H4/V4 test period 1

• Activiteit welke op dit moment gebeurt (now, at the moment, look! listen! watch out! these days, nowadays)

• Tijdelijke situatie (she's a nurse but currently she is working as a physiotherapist)

• Situaties in ontwikkeling (becoming/getting/changing/turning into)

• Irritatie (always, all the time; met ww. zoals complaining, nagging etc.)

• Toekomst: voor een afspraak welke vastligt (in je agenda - meestal tussen nu en een week - waar/wanneer meestal bekend)

Present Simple (e.g. I work; He works) - examples

1. Ice melts if you heat it. 
2. He never works on Sunday.
3. I absolutely love Gucci bags!
4. I hear you loud and clear girl!
5. Tomorrow my flight departs at 9 a.m.

Present Continuous (e.g. am/is/are working) - examples

1. She is studying abroad, but she will return in spring.
2. Take you umbrella with you. It's raining cats and dogs!
3. Why is it always raining in this country? It really bugs me.
4. It is getting harder and harder to fill up the car with gasoline for under 60 euros.
5. He's coming over tonight to discuss the home renovations.

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Making questions - do/does/did

Present simple (i.e. blog/blogs):

They blog about school -> What do they blog about?

He blogs about school. -> What does he blog about?

Rule: does (he/she/it) + infinitive (=hele ww); do(I/you/we/they) + infinitive (= hele ww)

Past simple (i.e. blogged/wrote):

He blogged twice per week during his trip. -> How often did he blog during his trip last year?

She wrote awful things when they broke up. -> Why did she write that when they broke up?

Rule: did (all pronouns) + infinitive (=hele ww)

NOTE: infinitive/hele ww = 1e vorm

Vragen en ontkennende zinnen (not/never) maken met ZWW

Bij bevestigende zinnen (zonder "not" of "never") met een ZWW/betekeniswerkwoord kijk je eerst naar de tijd van het werkwoord/persoonsvorm.

Herkennen:

Present Simple - het hele werkwoord (infinitief/1e vorm) (bijv. they dance) of het hele werkwoord + S (bijv. she dances)

Past Simple - regelmatige werkwoorden: ww + ed; onregelmatige werkwoorden: 2e vorm

Vragen/Ontkenningen

Present Simple: 

Does (he/she/it) + hele ww (Does she often play music?); Do (I/you/we/they) + hele ww (Do they play piano?)

Doesn't (he/she/it) + hele ww (She doesn't play music.); Don't (I/you/we/they) + hele ww (They don't play the piano.)

Past Simple:

Did + hele ww (Did he go out last night?)

Didn't + hele ww (He didn't go out last night.)

Vragen en ontkennende zinnen (not/never) maken met HWW

HWW -> staan altijd samen met een betekeniswerkwoord - CAN help; WILL go; MUST leave; SHOULD do etc.)

• Bij vragen zet je het HWW vooraan: Can you help me? Must we leave now? Let op: Shall I/we....?  (NIET Will I/we ...?)
• Bij ontkennende zinnen doe je HWW + Not: I can't help you. We mustn't leave. You shouldn't do that.          

LIJST van HWW:

can

could

shall (shan't)

should

will (won't)

would

must (mustn't)

may

might (mightn't)

to be (am/is/are/was/were) ;  has/have/had + 3rd form (vorm van have = hww)

Making questions - has/have/had + 3rd form (i.e. been)

Present perfect (i.e. has blogged/have rung):

Why hasn't he blogged about it yet?

Why haven't you rung her yet?

Rule: has (he/she/it) + 3rd form/past participle; have (I/you/we/they) + 3rd form/past participle

Past perfect (i.e. had blogged/had been):

I hadn't walked the dog before you came home. -> Why hadn't you walked the dog before I came home yesterday?

Rule: had + 3rd form/past participle

Making questions - to be -> am/is/are/was/were

Present continuous (i.e. am speaking/ is blogging/are doing):

They are blogging about school. -> What are they blogging about these days?

You are speaking to your classmates tomorrow. -> Am I speaking to the entire class tomorrow?

She is always doing this to me! -> Why is she always doing this to me?

Rule: am/is/are + infinitive (hele ww) + ing

Past continuous (i.e. was speaking/ were listening):

The teacher was speaking, but the students weren't listening. -> Who weren't listening while the teacher was speaking?

Rule: was/were + infinitive (hele ww) + ing

Making questions - will/shall/am-is-are going to

Future (will/am-is-are going to) (i.e. I will help you!; He is going to fall!):

I'll be there. -> Will you be there as well?

He is going to change our plans. -> Why is he going to change our plans?

I will get that for you. -> Shall I get that for you?

Rule: will + infinitive (=hele ww); shall (for we/I) + infinitive; am/is/are going to + infinitive

Making questions - what/which/why/when/whose

Whose career have you followed? - wiens/van wie

What are you looking for? What time is it? - waarnaar/ wat (grotere keuze) / hoe laat is het?

Which do you prefer, the blue or the green shirt? (keuze tussen 2)

Where are you going? Waar

Why did you do that? Waarom

Website to practice 

Irregular verbs

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Present Simple vs Present Continuous (or Progressive)

www.ego4u.com/grammar 

(see next slides)

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Overview of tenses/ overzicht werkwoordtijden Engels

In de onderstaande link zie je een overzicht van alle werkwoordtijden Engels

Je ziet tevens hoe je voor elke werkwoordtijd een vraag en een ontkenning maakt.

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