4.4 - Muscles

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Unit 4 

4.4 Muscles
(movement)

Repetition of basic 4.2
What are bones made of?

4.3 What is the name of the connection between the humerus and the shoulder blade?

1. Pivot joint
2. connection with cartilage
3. Ball-and-socket joint
4. Hinge joint

What is the strongest muscle in the body?

1. Kauwspier
2. Rugspier
3. Armspier
4. Bilspier

Video: Muscles

Watch the video on the next slide. Use earphones if you have them with you, otherwise lower the volume as much as possible

Open up your book

Read the info on page 31 and look at figure 1.

Ready? Continue with this lessonup.

Muscular system

Needed to move your skeleton.

Learn the names of the muscles in figure 1. --> 2 minutes

Name as much names as possible of the muscles mentioned in figure 1.

Read page 32 'Tendons'

Ready? Continue with this lessonup

Hoe zitten spieren vast?

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons (=pees). 

Attachment site: aanhechtingsplaats

If a mucles contracts (=aanspant):

1. It becomes longer and thinner
2. It becomes longer and thicker
3. It becomes shorter and thinner
4. It becomes shorter and thicker

How do muscles work?

Muscle contracts :
-> becomes shorter and thicker

• This makes the tendons pull on the bones. 

Read page 32 'Antagonistic pair'

Ready? Continue with this lessonup

How do muscles work

Antagonistic pair:

Two muscles that have opposite effects (flexor and extensor) 

• All skeletal muscles in our body have antagonists.

Biceps = Buigspier      Triceps = Strekspier

What is an antagonistic muscle?

1. a muscle with an opposite effect
2. a muscle with the same effect
3. all tendons together
4. a difficult word

Look at the figure. In the figure you see the bones of a leg. You can also see the antagonistic muscles (1 and 2) that make movement of the leg possible. Which of these muscles is the flexor muscle?

1.

2.

1. spier 1
2. spier 2

Are there muscles we are unable to control ourselves?

The answer is:

Yes!

-->

involuntary muscles 

Read page 33 'Other muscular movements'

Ready? Continue with this lessonup.

Involuntary muscles

Mostly organ muscles: not attached to bones

These muscles are mostly crucial for survival: 

we can't live without a functioning heart 

for example.

Most are not so important any more (see next slide)

Goosebumps

Every hair on your arm has it's own small muscle. When you get cold the muscles contract and the hairs rise. This is not really functional any more, but it is a remnant of our ancestors who had more coat (=overblijfsel van onze voorouders met meer beharing).

Basic 4.4 (Hw)

Read page 31-33 in book B

Do assignments 1, 2 and 3  

+

choose 2 of the insight questions ( 5 to 8)

Ready? Do online the test yourself questions of 4.4 + read 4.5

Hoe lang was je voordat je ging slapen? (cm)

100180

Hoe lang was je toen je net wakker werd?

100180

Kraakbeen tussen borstbeen en begin ribben

Kraakbeen tussen wervels

* je bent 's ochtends langer dan 's avonds, hoe kan dat?

Hoe veel krimp jij dus elke dag?
(LET OP: in milimeters)

050

Voorbereiding voor (oefen)toets

Maak de samenvattingen 

• 4.1 opdr 5  (p. 12-13)
• 4.2 opdr 4 (p. 18)
• 4.3 opdr 4 (p.26-27)
• 4.4 opdr 5 (p.34) Mindmap!

Wat is een mindmap?

Een mindmap is 

een soort kaart buiten je hoofd 

over wat er gaande is in je hoofd.

Het maken van een mindmap

1.  Begin je mindmap altijd in het midden van een vel papier.
2. Verwerk verschillende vormen en grootten in je mindmap.
3.  Bouw de mindmap laag voor laag op, houd het overzichtelijk!
4. Kies voor steutelwoorden. 
5. Voorzie je mindmap van
   kleuren, cijfers, tekeningen.

Voorbeeld mindmap Hart 

Hoe maak je een mindmap?

Voorbeeld: Proefwerkweek

Maak een foto van je begrippenlijst en/of mindmap en plaats deze hier.