Visual art

• CKV
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4

VISUAL ART

What kinds of art come to mind when you think about visual art?

Two-dimensional

Three-dimensional

Visual art involves an image or representation that can either be two- or three-dimensional.

Two-dimensional: painting

Three-dimensional: sculpture 

Important aspects

• Imaginative power
• Originality
• Technical competence  

Before

Nowadays

For a long time another fearture of artworks was that they 'stood still'. 

Nowadays movement and the passage of time also play a role. 

Impressionism

• Emerged in France; second half of the 19th century. 
• About depicting the experience.
• Subjects from everyday life.
• Light and colour was used in an innovative way > to give an  impression of the moment. 
• Painters worked outdoors.
• Claude Monet 

Expressionism

• Emerged in early 20th century; Germany.
• Times were turbulent: industrialization, WW1 about to break out.
• Artists worked together in the avant-garde: groups experimenting with new art forms, wanting to bring about social change.  
• Focus was the expression of inner emotional life rather than a impression of the real world. 
• Emotions of fear and chaos.
• Edvard Munch 

Is this an impressionistic or expressionistic painting?

1. Impressionistic
2. Expressionistic

Abstract art 

• In 20th century artists no longer were interested in representing the real world. 
• Ultimate goal: abstraction
• Emphasis on lines, colours and geometrical shapes.  

Which one is the abstract painting?

1. 
2. 

Which one is pop-art?

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

Minimalism

• Movement within spatial art>3D
• From N. America to Europe in 1960's. 
• Reaction to exuberant abstract expressionist paintings. 
• 3-dimensional, simple geometric shapes made from basic materials 
• Artists look for unusual relationships with area.
• A lot of minimal art is public art which can be seen outdoors.  

Which piece of art is minimalistic?

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

Representation

- What do you see?  

- Figurative

- Abstract

- A little bit of both

- What do you see from close up? 

- What do you see from far away? 

What do you see?

Shape 

- Geometric (squares, circles, triangles)

- Organic (inspired by nature)

- Stylized (simplified shapes by leaving out certain details) 

Why was the spider in the previous slide stylized?

Colour

- Primary colours

- Black and white

- Secondary colours 

- Tertiary colour: often found in nature

- Only primary and secondary colours give an unrealistic effect

- Complementary contrast: opposite colours in the spectrum 

This painting consists mostly of:

1. Secondary colours
2. Primary and secondary colours
3. Primary and tertiary colours
4. Tertiary colours

Space and light

- Lineair perspective: lines converging on a vanishing point. 

- Overlapping

- Atmospheric perspective: colour

- Core shadow: shadow on object itself

- Cast shadow: shadow of an abject on the ground. 

- Sculptures and installations have a relationship with their surroundings. 

In this painting depth is created mostly by:

1. Linear perspective
2. Vanishing point
3. Atmospheric perspective
4. Overlapping

Materials and techniques

Different materials require different techniques:

- Fresco (paint on wet plaster)

- Oil painting

- Watercolour 

- Gouache (opaque paint)

Each material gives a different effect. 

This an:

1. Watercolour painting
2. Fresco
3. Oil painting

This is a:

1. Watercolour painting
2. Fresco
3. Oil painting

This is a:

1. Watercolour painting
2. Fresco
3. Oil painting

Composition

The arrangement of visual elements.  

- Triangular composition

- Symmetric composition

- Asymmetric composition

- Diagonal composition

- All-over composition

This is a:

1. Diagonal composition
2. Symmetric composition
3. All-over composition
4. Asymmetric composition

This is a:

1. Diagonal composition
2. Symmetric composition
3. All-over composition
4. Asymmetric composition

This is a:

1. Diagonal composition
2. Symmetric composition
3. All-over composition
4. Aymmetric composition

This is a:

1. Diagonal composition
2. Symmetric composition
3. All-over composition
4. Asymmetric composition