4H Grammar: revision tenses

4H Grammar: revision tenses

1. pres simple or pres continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding : ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

1.  present simple or present continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >1persoon/dier/ding : ww

                       ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+(e)s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

questions: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :

                     Do + ow + ww + rest?

                     ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: 

                     Does + ow + ww + rest?

b. use

1. present 

- gewoontes, routines, dingen die je regelmatig doet

- algemene feiten

- ww die gevoelens/gedachtes zijn

2. Future

- bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden,vertrektijden, etc. 

c. hints

usually, normally, often, always, never, every, on (Mondays)

B present continuous

a. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is  + ww+ing

negative: am not / aren't / isn't + ww+ ing

questions: Am/are/is + ow + ww+ing+ rest?

b. use

Present: Actions going RIGHT NOW  

Future: = fixed plans, often with specific time reference.

c. hints

now, currently, at the moment, always

(bij ergernis)

Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs

feeling:  hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.

senses:  appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, 

                taste.

communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, 

                                promise, satisfy, surprise.

thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, 

                  recognize, remember, understand.

To do:

ex A

A

2. Past continuous or past simple?

A past continuous

a. spelling

Affirmative: was/were + ww+ing

Negative: wasn't/weren't + ww+ing

Question: Was/were + ow + ww+ing + rest?

b. use

- actie in het verleden die een tijdje bezig was 

- actie in het verleden (lange actie) die onderbroken werd door een andere actie (korte actie)

c. hints

while, when-zinnen > lange actie

2. past simple

2. past simple

B. spelling

affirmative: ww+ed or irregular  / to be: was/were

negative: didn't + infinitive   / to be: wasn't / weren't

questions: Did + ow + infinitive + rest?  / to be: 

                     Was/were + ow + rest?

b. use

actions in the past, completely over and done

c. hints

yesterday, last, in (2005), ago

Attention!

1. Pa cont – pa simple: ‘when/while’- zinnen 

Combinatie past continuous – past simple: 1 long action, 1 short action:

  - long action: past continuous (= was/were + verb+ing)

  - short action: past simple

 Example: When the bus arrived, we were running towards it

2. 2x past continuous in een zin: ‘while’-zinnen: 2 long actions

 Example: I was taking a bath while he was reading a book.

3. Enkel past simple: opeenvolgende gebeurtenissen ('then')

Example: I went to the toilet and then I did my homework.

To do: ex B

B

3. present perfect (voltooid deelwoord)

a. spelling

affirmative:  has/have + past participle (=ww+ed/irregular (3de kolom)

negative: hasn't/haven't + past participle

question:  have/has + ow + past participle + rest?

b. use

= actie in het verleden MAAR nog nu nog steeds bezig/ belangrijk/zichtbaar

c. hints

yet, already, just, since, for, always (tot nu toe), (n)ever, how long, before

To do:

ex C

4. Present perfect continuous

a. spelling

affirmative: ow + has/have been + ww+ing

negative: ow + hasn't/haven't been + ww+ing

question: have/has + ow + been + ww+ing

b. use

actie in het verleden, nu nog steeds bezig, blijft nog doorgaan, nadruk ligt op de lengte van de actie

c. hints

all day, how long, for, since, lately, recently

Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs

feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.

senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound,

                taste.

communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean,

                                promise, satisfy, surprise.

thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize,

                  recognize, remember, understand.

To do:

D t/m F

D

5. Past perfect simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow + had + past participle (regelm. ww+ed)

negative: ow + hadn't + past participle

question: had + ow + past participle

b. use

actie die gebeurd is VOOR een andere specifieke actie in het verleden

Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.

c. hints

the previous week, the day before, the month before’ etc

To do:

G

G

6. The future

A present tenses used for the future

a. Present simple (ww of ww+s)

bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden, vertrektijden, etc.

Example: The train leaves tonight at 7pm.

b. Present continuous (am/are/is + verb+ing)

Afspraken die vaststaan in plaats en tijd

Example: We are going on a date tonight.

B simple future and going to-future

a. Am/is/are going to + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is going to + ww

negative: am not/aren't/ isn't going to + ww

question: Am/are/is + ow + going to + ww + rest?

2. use

- Iets wat je van plan bent in de toekomst, maar geen concrete afspraak

(staat niet vast wanneer)

Example: I’m going to ask her out.

- Toekomstvoorspelling die gebaseerd is op

signalen die je krijgt. (Komt waarschijnlijk dus wel uit.)

Example: Look at the clouds! It is going to rain, we better take our umbrella with us.

b. Will/ won’t + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: will + ww

negative: will not/won't + ww

question: will/shall + ow + ww + rest?

Opgelet: Bij een vraag gebruik je in deze tijd shall i.p.v. will als het ow "I" of "we" is.

Example: You look parched. Shall I fetch you something to drink?

2. use

- Iets wat je ter plekke aanbiedt (niet gepland) / bestellingen op restaurant

Example: I'll help you out, no problem! / I'll have the steak please.

- Belofte

Example: I’ll clean up my room.

- Besluit over de toekomst, soort van conclusie over wat er in de toekomst nu (niet) gaat gebeuren

Example: They will not come back after that terrible experience.

- Toekomstvoorspellingen die onzeker zijn.

 example: You will become very rich in the (probably, maybe…) future!

- Iets wat je denkt (‘I think / I believe…) dat gaat gebeuren in de toekomst.

Example: I think you will become very old.

To Do:

ex H