modals & quantifiers

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Modal verbs and negations

can /  able to / could / must / have to / should  / ought to /      

may / might

(chapter 4, E Writing & Grammar p.25-26)

This lesson

Learning goals:

- I know how to use modal verbs correctly and I can use the negative form

- I can use quantifiers correctly

Can 

Wanneer?  (ability)

je kan het

voorbeeld:

I can give you some advice.

to be able to

Wanneer?  (ability & possibility)

kunnen, in de gelegenheid zijn, in staat zijn

voorbeeld:

I am able to call you when I get home

could

Wanneer?  past ability

voorbeeld:

When I was younger I couldn't walk.

must & have to 

Wanneer?  (obligation)

Als iets moet --> verplichting

Must is meer moeten dan have to 

voorbeeld:

You must write everything down

You have to listen to your parents

must 

Wanneer?  

Het kan niet anders (logisch)

voorbeeld:

You must be tired after running the marathon! 

should & ought to

Wanneer?  (advice). Ought to is more formal

Zou moeten

voorbeeld:

You should wear a coat outside

Maybe you ought to try harder next time

may 

Wanneer? (permission)

Als iets kan of mag --> toestemming hebben

voorbeeld:

May I go to the party on Friday?

may & might

Wanneer?  (possibility, uncertainty)

Als iets (heel) misschien gaat gebeuren

May is meer zeker dan might

voorbeeld:

It might snow tonight

negative forms

can         -    cannot          -     can't

could     -    could not     -     couldn't

should  -    should not   -     shouldn't

must      -    must not       -    mustn't 

negative forms

am not / isn't / aren't / wasn't / weren't able to

• I am not able to come to your party
• He isn't able to play sports because of his injury

don't / doesn't / didn't have to (= hoeft niet)

• You don't have to bring any presents
• He doesn't have to get up early today

negative forms

may           -    may not

might       -    might not

ought to  -    ought not to

  

Make negative:
You _______ (ought to) drive fast

Make negative:
They are ______ (able to) play today.

Make negative:
It _____ (may) be possible.

Make negative:
My sister ______ ( to have to) drive you around.

Make negative:
We _______ (could) use the machine.

Quantifiers

Some quantifiers go before a singular noun some before a plural. Match accordingly.

___________ cookie has sugar.

___________ cookies have sugar.

Each

Every

Neither

Either

No

All

Both

Quantifiers

Give information about the number of things or persons. 

Both used for two things or persons and is followed by a plural noun. 

Both my shoes were wet.           Both students talked too much during Ms Howes's grammar instruction.

Neither means 'none' and either means 'any of the two'.  Both are used to talk about two things or people. They are followed by a singular noun. 

Neither option works for me actually.             Either flavor ice cream will do. 

Each and every mean 'all individuals of a group'. They are followed by a singular noun. 

Each mountaineer has her own challenge.             Every cat is different.

All means 'the whole group' and is followed by a plural noun. 

No means 'not one' and is followed by a singular noun. 

All my friends are going to be there!             No player did well. 

Fill in: They ______ had the same idea.

(each, every, both, neither, either, all, no)

Fill in: _____ option is available right now.

(geen van beide)

Fill in: _____ obstacle could stop her.

(each, every, both, neither, either, all, no)

I want to dedicate this song to _____ my friends.

(each, every, both, neither, either, all, no)

I want _____ person to bring a cupcake.

(each, every, both, neither, either, all, no)