Stepping Stones VWO 3 Theme 1 Grammar

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Theme 1

Grammar

Short Yes/No Answers

Almost all questions in English use an auxiliary verb (hulp ww).

Do you like to go to school?

Have you ever heard of Mozart?

Can you talk to your parents about this?

Must you really leave now or can you stay a while longer?

Are you afraid of clowns?

Short Yes/No Answers

Almost all questions in English use an auxiliary verb (hulp ww).

Do you like to go to school?

Have you ever heard of Mozart?

Can you talk to your parents about this?

Must you really leave now or can you stay a while longer?

Are you afraid of clowns?

Short Yes/No Answers

When a question in English uses an auxiliary verb (hulp ww), you have to use this auxiliary verb in your short yes/no answer.

Do you like to go to school? Yes, I do/ No, I don't.

Have you ever heard of Mozart? Yes, I have / No, I haven't.

Can you talk to your parents about this? Yes, I can / No, I can't.

Are you afraid of clowns?   Yes, I am / No, I'm not.

Mind the comma!

Short Yes/No Answers

Must you really leave now or can you stay a while longer?

Yes, I must (and I can't)

No, I don't have to (and I can)

No, I don't need to (and I can)

!

MODALS

Modal verbs give additional information about the function of the main verb. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Can you tell the difference in meaning?

You must listen to your teacher.

You should listen to your teacher.

You must not chew gum in school.

You don't have to hand in the assignment today.

Can you tell the difference in meaning?

You must listen to your teacher.              Obligation

You should listen to your teacher.           Advice

You must not chew gum in school.         Prohibition

You don't have to hand in the assignment today.    No necessity

         Permission

May = mogen

Might = zou mogen

(not) to be allowed to = om te zeggen dat iets (niet) toegestaan is.

The use of may and might

You may go out with your friends tonight.  >>   may + infinitive

Je mag met je vrienden uitgaan vanavond.

You may not speak to the Queen.   >>  may + not + inf.

Je mag niet tegen de koningin praten.

Might I have a quick word with you?   >>     might + infinitive

Zou ik je even kort mogen spreken?

The use of to be allowed

I am allowed to drive a car

you are allowed to drive a car

he/she/it is allowed to...

we are allowed to ...

you are allowed to ...

They are allowed to ...

I am not allowed to drive a car yet.

Are you allowed to drive a car?

The future

Can you tell the difference?

I am going to visit Emma tomorrow.

I will visit Emma tomorrow.

I am visiting Emma tomorrow.  

Here's the difference 

I am going to visit Emma tomorrow.  > voornemen, plan, intentie 

I will visit Emma tomorrow.  > aanbod, belofte, aankondiging,                                                                      besluit

I am visiting Emma tomorrow.   > vaste afspraak (tijd / plaats)

Will

I will do the washing up.

I promise I will help you.

The Prime Minister will speak to the nation tonight.

I will take a slice of that delicious cake.

An offer (aanbieding)

A promise (belofte)

An announcement  (aankondiging)

A decision (besluit)

going to 

We're stuck in traffic. We're going to be late.

A prediction with evidence

will

I think Ajax will win the cup this year.

A prediction without evidence.

What's this?

School starts at 8.30. tomorrow.

The first train to London leaves at 6.30. tomorrow.

This special offer ends in two days.

The shop opens in 15 minutes.

According to my timetable English class starts in half an hour.