Revision chapter 1.2 Charles V + Philip II and the Iconoclastic Fury

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Planning

Discuss assignments par. 2

Remember Charles V

The Iconoclastic Fury

The Dutch Revolt

Back to Charles V

Charles was not very happy with the development

of Protestantism in his territory.

He was of course a very Catholic man!

To protect the Catholic faith he sets up the inquisition.

This makes it possible to persecute and punish 

heretics. Many protestants were executed.

Speciale kerkelijke rechtbank voor het vervolgen van ketters. Ketters zijn gelovigen die luther of calvijn volgen en dus niet (meer) het Katholieke geloof. 

A clash with a new king

Charles V' dies and Philip II takes over. He is still very unpopular with the Dutch people because of 3 things:

1. Philip II sees himself as a true defender of the faith and is even more ruthless against protestants. 

2. Phillip likes to rage war. Many citizens are extremely angry about the new and higher taxes that have to be paid now.

3. Philip II tries to continue the centralization project Charles V started. Many provinces and noblemen are afraid they will lose their privileges.

A clash with a new king

Philip sends loyal spanish nobles to the Netherlands to take over important government functions. His half-sister Maragaret of Parm becomes viceroy (governor = replacement of the head of state in a country) of the Netherlands.

Philip tries very hard to prosecute the protestants with much violence.  But more and more people desert the Catholic faith and become protestant! 

Iconoclastic Fury

In April 1566 hundreds of nobles marched on to the palace of Margaret of Parma (governor). They wanted her to stop the prosecution (vervolging) of Protestants. The governor temporarily (tijdelijk) ended the prosecutions. Calvinists openly start field preaching (hagenpreken). 

Iconoclastic Fury

During one of these field preachings, a preacher in Flanders raged about the worshipping of saints, a Catholic tradition. Calvinists took immediate action and started to smash all the statues in the nearest monastery (=klooster). This was the beginning of the Iconoclastic Fury  (=Beeldenstorm). 

Moving on..

The revolt in the Netherlands begins..

The Iconoclastic fury angered Philip. He sent the Duke (=hertog) of Alva (The iron duke) to the Netherlands with an army.

Alva wanted to mercilessly (=genadeloos) punish all the perpetrators (=daders) of the fury. 

He sentenced hundreds of people to death. 

The Dutch Revolt

Many noblemen fled to Germany or France, among them was William of Orange, stadholder of Utrecht, Holland and Zeeland. William planned an attack on Alva and his army and by doing so he started the Dutch revolt a.k.a Eighty years' war (1568-1648)

However this attack failed and the order was restored for a short time. 

The Dutch Revolt

Some fanatic calvinists had fled to the sea, calling themselves 'Sea beggars' (= watergeuzen). On April 1st 1572 they conquered the port of Den Briel. William of Orange returned to Holland to lead the revolt. 

In december 1572 Spanish troops marched on Holland again. The city of Naarden surrendered quickly. 

The Massacre of Naarden

1572

Spanish troops massacred the whole town, including the children. 

This action caused more resistance among the Dutch.

Homework for next lesson

Read par. 1.3 - The Start of the Dutch Revolt (pages 31 to 34)