Mastering Relative Clauses, Second Conditionals and Quantifiers

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Mastering Relative Clauses, Second Conditionals and Quantifiers

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to answer 5 questions about defining relative clauses, 5 about the second conditional & 5 about quantifiers.

Introduce the goals of the lesson to the students.

What do you already know about Relative Clauses, Second Conditionals and Quantifiers?

Relative Clauses Definition

Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun and begin with relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, that, or which.

Explain the definition of Relative Clauses and provide examples for each type.

Defining Relative Clauses

Defining relative clauses are used to give essential information about a noun. They are not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Explain the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses. Provide examples and ask students to identify the defining relative clauses.

Non-defining Relative Clauses

Non-defining relative clauses give extra information about a noun but are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Explain the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses. Provide examples and ask students to identify the non-defining relative clauses.

What are defining relative clauses used for?

1. To show the time of an action
2. To add extra information to a sentence
3. To identify which person or thing is meant
4. To express feelings

Which pronouns can be used to introduce defining relative clauses?

1. Who, whom, whose, which, that
2. He, she, it, they
3. Why, how, because
4. Whom, what, when, where

In the sentence 'The woman who lives next door is a doctor', what is the relative clause?

1. is a doctor
2. The woman
3. The woman who
4. who lives next door

Second Conditionals

The second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical situations and their possible outcomes in the present or future. It is formed by using 'if' + past simple + would + base verb.

Explain the definition of the second conditional and provide examples. Ask students to form their own second conditional sentences and share with the class.

Which sentence uses the second conditional correctly?

1. If I had a car, I would drive to work every day.
2. If I have a car, I would drive to work every day.
3. If I had a car, I will drive to work every day.
4. If I have a car, I will drive to work every day.

What is the meaning of the second conditional?

1. To talk about past events
2. To talk about future events
3. To give general advice
4. To talk about hypothetical situations and their possible outcomes

What is the correct structure for the second conditional?

1. If + simple past, will + infinitive
2. If + present continuous, would + infinitive
3. If + present perfect, would + infinitive
4. If + simple past, would + infinitive

Quantifiers

Quantifiers are used to show the quantity or amount of something. Examples include all, some, any, none, many, few, several, etc.

Explain the different types of quantifiers and provide examples. Ask students to form their own sentences using quantifiers.

What does a quantifier do?

1. Modifies a verb
2. Indicates the quantity of a noun
3. None of the above
4. Describes an adjective

Which of the following is a quantifier?

1. All
2. Many
3. Some
4. Run

Which of the following is a negative quantifier?

1. No
2. All
3. Not any
4. None

Which of the following is a universal quantifier?

1. Each
2. Every
3. All
4. Some

Using Quantifiers

Quantifiers are often used with countable and uncountable nouns. Some are used with only one or the other.

Explain which quantifiers are used with countable and uncountable nouns. Provide examples and ask students to identify which quantifier to use in a given sentence.

Which quantifier is used for countable nouns?

1. Many
2. Enough
3. Some
4. Several

Which of the following is a countable noun?

1. Milk
2. Chair
3. Water
4. Book

Which quantifier is used for uncountable nouns?

1. Much
2. Little
3. A lot of
4. Few

Practice: Defining Relative Clauses

Identify the defining relative clause in the following sentence: The boy who is wearing a hat is my friend.

Provide practice sentences for students to identify the defining relative clause. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Practice: Non-defining Relative Clauses

Identify the non-defining relative clause in the following sentence: My brother, who lives in Paris, is coming to visit me.

Provide practice sentences for students to identify the non-defining relative clause. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Practice: Second Conditionals

Complete the following sentence using the second conditional: If I had more time, I ___________ (to travel) the world.

Provide practice sentences for students to complete using the second conditional. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Practice: Quantifiers

Choose the correct quantifier to complete the following sentence: I have _________ (few, a few) friends in this city.

Provide practice sentences for students to choose the correct quantifier. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Practice: Mixed Questions

Identify the type of clause and quantifier in the following sentence: All the students who passed the exam will receive a certificate.

Provide mixed practice sentences for students to identify the type of clause and quantifier used. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Common Mistakes

Common mistakes include using non-defining relative clauses where defining ones should be used, not using commas correctly, or using the wrong quantifier.

Highlight common mistakes made by students and provide examples. Explain how to avoid these mistakes.

Tips for Remembering

To remember the rules for relative clauses, think of them as two types: defining and non-defining. For second conditionals, remember the structure: if + past simple + would + base verb. For quantifiers, remember the different types and which nouns they are used with.

Provide tips for students to remember the rules for each grammar point.

Review: Defining Relative Clauses

What is a defining relative clause? Provide an example.

Review the definition of defining relative clauses and ask students to provide an example.

Review: Non-defining Relative Clauses

What is a non-defining relative clause? Provide an example.

Review the definition of non-defining relative clauses and ask students to provide an example.

Review: Second Conditionals

What is the structure of a second conditional? Provide an example.

Review the structure of the second conditional and ask students to provide an example.

Review: Quantifiers

What are quantifiers used for? Provide an example.

Review the definition of quantifiers and ask students to provide an example.

Final Quiz

Answer the following questions: (1) What is a defining relative clause? (2) What is the structure of a second conditional? (3) What are quantifiers used for?

Provide a quiz to test students' understanding of the grammar points covered in the lesson. Review the correct answers and explain any mistakes made.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have learned about defining and non-defining relative clauses, the second conditional, and quantifiers. Keep practicing to improve your English.

Conclude the lesson and encourage students to continue practicing their English.

Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

Have students enter three things they learned in this lesson. With this they can indicate their own learning efficiency of this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

Here, students enter two things they would like to know more about. This not only increases involvement, but also gives them more ownership.

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

The students indicate here (in question form) with which part of the material they still have difficulty. For the teacher, this not only provides insight into the extent to which the students understand/master the material, but also a good starting point for the next lesson.