Verbs 2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Welcome!

To whom it may concern:

Hand in your reading list!

Hand in your personal letter for feedback

Road map

• Verbs (Chapter 2 GRO) : 
• Check homework 
• Theory Copulas 
• Do assignments 

Verbs

Lexical verbs 

• In England once there lived a pig
• He worked out sums inside his head
• All in a flash, he saw the light

Lexical verbs 

• Hoofdwerkwoord
• Vaak (maar niet altijd!!!) het enige werkwoord in de zin
• Ontkennend: Do not, did not. 
• Vragend: Do, did?

Primary Auxiliaries

• Help to make one of the tenses: 

I have read a book

You are washing your socks

They were leaving the building 

Auxiliary or lexical verbs? 

• Piggy had a massive brain.
• There was no book he had not read
• What life was really all about?
• By gum, I have got the answer!

Copula's

• 'Koppelt' iemand/iets met een beschrijving, bijv. 

'To everybody it was plain'

it = plain

'No animal is half so vile as Crockywock the Crocodile'

No animal = half so vile

Copula's

to appear                  to remain

to be                            to seem

to become                 to turn

to get                             to stay 

to grow

to keep 

to prove

Copula's

Vragen en ontkennend maken:

• Bij 'to be' geen ander hulpwerkwoord nodig
• Bij de andere copula's wel

bijv. He remained calm

Did he remain calm

He did not remain calm

Question tags

• Vaak spreektaal

She felt better in the morning, didn't she?

Substitutes

The primary auxiliary 'do' is sometimes also used to replace or act as a substitute for a lexical verb:

• He worked hard and so did his brother 
• She does not love potatoes and neither do I 

Substitutes

But: 

She is eating an apple

She is eating an apple, isn't she?

She is not eating an apple

She is not eating an apple and neither am I

Is she eating an apple?

Here you do not use a form of 'to do'!

Questions and negations 

most lexical verbs

• Present tense: do / does

The pig eats the farmer.

Does the pig eat the farmer?

The pig does not eat the farmer.

• Past tense:  did

The pig ate the farmer yesterday.

Did the pig eat the farmer yesterday?

The pig did not eat the farmer.

Questions and negations 

to have as lexical verb

• Present tense: do / does

The pig has a big sty.

Does the pig have a big sty?

The pig does not have a big sty.

• Past tense:  did

The pig had a big sty

Did the pig have a big sty?

The pig did not have a big sty.

Questions and negations 

auxiliary verbs 

• Inversion

The pig has eaten the farmer

Has the pig eaten the farmer?

The pig  has not eaten the farmer

Questions and negations 

to be

• Inversion

The pig is eating the farmer

Is the pig eating the farmer?

The pig  is not eating the farmer

The pig is hungry

Is the pig hungry?

The pig is not hungry

HOMEWORK

18 Feb 2022

Do exercises 

1.2.B.  2 to 5

on Learnbeat

Study the theory of 1.2.A and B