P3W4L1 Connectors for reading

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 1

Connectors (voegwoorden)

Connectors join two clauses (sentence), 

and 

show the relationship between them.

• a contrast (tegenstelling)
• cause (oorzaak)
• an effect (gevolg)

 

1. a contrast (tegenstelling)

but                            maar

although                   hoewel / alhoewel

even though             ook al

however                   echter

despite                     ondanks

in spite of                 ondanks

Examples

1. It is sunny but temperatures are low.
2. Although / Even though it is sunny, temperatures are low. 
3. Temperatures are low, even though / although it’s sunny.
4. It is sunny. However, temperatures are low.
5. Despite / In spite of the sun, temperatures are low.

2. a cause (oorzaak) 

because              omdat

because of          vanwege  

as a result of       als gevolg van

due to                  als gevolg van

Examples

1. I arrived late because the traffic was bad.
   
2. I arrived late because of the bad traffic. OR Because of the bad traffic, I arrived late.
3. I arrived late as a result of the bad traffic. OR As a result of the bad traffic, I arrived late.
4. She missed her train due to heavy traffic

3. an effect (een gevolg)

so                      dus 

consequently     dus / derhalve

as a result         daardoor

thus                   dus

therefore           dus / daarom   

Examples

1. We were late so we missed the beginning of the show.
2. We were late and thus we missed the show.
3. We were late and consequently we missed the show.
4. We were late and as a result we missed the beginning of the show.
5. We were late and therefore we missed the beginning of the show.

1. Which word or phrase CANNOT complete the sentence?
The match was cancelled ____ the rain.

1. due to
2. because
3. because of

2. Which word completes the sentence?
Some scientists believe that global temperatures are increasing and ___ ice is melting at the poles.

1. because
2. consequently
3. due to

3. Which phrase completes the sentence?
In spite of ____, the team won the match.

1. their inexperience
2. they were inexperienced
3. their experience

4. Which sentence is NOT correct?

1. In spite of she prepared for her interview, she didn’t get the job.
2. Despite preparing for her interview, she didn’t get the job.
3. Although she prepared for her interview, she didn’t get the job.

5. Which word CANNOT be used to start a sentence?

1. because
2. but
3. however

6. Which word or phrase best completes the sentence?
He stayed up to watch the match __________ he was really tired.

1. even though
2. however
3. in spite of

7. Which phrase completes the sentence?
She was late due to ___________.

1. being bad traffic
2. the traffic was bad
3. the bad traffic

8. Which word best completes the sentence?
He didn’t start his paper until the last minute and __________ he didn’t manage to finish it on time.

1. although
2. consequently
3. because of

Practice exam

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MBO