Pax Romana and Romanisation

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

and Romanisation

Goals

At the end of the day you...

Understand a few of the characteristics of Roman Culture.

Understand why Roman culture spread throughout the Roman Empire.

'A rich plebeian could veto to protect the lower class'.

1. Consul
2. Senator
3. Patrician
4. People's tribune

What does veto mean?

Pax Romana

• Octavian/Augustus: sole ruler.
• Promised to go back to the republic, behaved more like a king/dictator.
• But with the start of his rule: peace 
• Lasted for +/- 200 years.
• Pax Romana: Roman peace. Relative peace and prosperity within the Empire.

<div>Pax Romana: 200 years of relative peace and prosperity (voorspoed).</div><div>This period started in 27 BC with the rule of Augustus.</div><a href="https://www.history.com/news/pax-romana-roman-empire-peace-augustus">'How Ancient Rome thrived during Pax Romana'.</a><div><br></div>

Culture 

• Contact with Etruscans, Greeks and Germanic Tribes.
  
• Romans copied from these cultures > especially the Greeks.
• Classical Culture = Greek-Roman culture.

Luxury and inventions

• Romans invented many important things, mostly practical:
• Glass, Aqueducts, stone roads, underfloor heating, postal service, etc.

The Romans took their culture everywhere.<div>They also added aspects of the cultures that they conquered to their own culture.</div>

Romanization

• Locals slowly became more Roman > Romanisation.
  
• Germanic tribes copied a lot from the Romans.
  
• Germanic people could become Roman citizens after 25 of service in the army.

The Netherlands

• Nothern border Roman Empire: Limes.
• They made use of natural borders: rivers, mountains > easier to defend.
• They established forts and army bases across the border. 

Batavian Revolt

• First allies with Romans. 
• 69 AD Batavian Revolt/Batavian Rebellion.
  
• Julius Civilis was the leader.
  
• Roman forts burned down.

<a href="https://historiek.net/de-bataafse-opstand-julius-civilis/58875/">Batavian Revolt (Dutch).</a><div><br></div>

More details in your textbook.

Amphitheater

<div>The coloseum is an example of an amphitheatre. Here they held different kinds of fights for the enjoyment of the people. Gladiators, fights with animals, etc.<br></div><div>This was just as normal as going to the movies today.</div><div><br></div>

Portus

<div>Port/harbor. Important for product supply and trading.&nbsp;</div>

Templum

Temple, place where the gods where honored.&nbsp;

Thermen

Bathhouse.

Forum

<div>Big square with shops, temples, administrative buildings, etc.</div>

Circus

<div>Here they held sporting events. This looks a lot like a long running track.</div>

Aqueduct

Met deze bouwwerken werd er water van een dichtbijzijnde rivier of berg naar de stad gebracht.<div>These structures were meant for water supply throughout the city. They took water from a closeby mountain or river and make sure it could go to the city.</div>

Roman city

To work

Two options:

1. Make a summary/mindmap about chapter 4.4.
2. Find out if there are Roman remains in your hometown (or choose a different place). What remains are there, what do they tell us about Roman life in the Netherlands?

Both assignments need to be finished by next week.

What is characteristic about the Roman culture? Name 2 examples.

How was the Roman culture able to spread across such a big part of the world?