White washing

White Americans vs appropriation of cultural fashion: 
when is it
appropriation and when is it appreciation
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsHBOStudiejaar 3

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White Americans vs appropriation of cultural fashion: 
when is it
appropriation and when is it appreciation

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Slide 2 - Video

So, what is exactly cultural appropriation? 
Imagine, you're a White American, and you claim to be an expert on Chinese cuisine, cause you put soy sauce on every dish you eat. Does this make you an expert? No. 

Why? 

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Examples of CA
- Native American patterns
- African American boxbraids
- Chinese cheongsam/qipao

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Examples of CA
- Native American patterns
- African American boxbraids
- Chinese cheongsam/qi pao

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

NATIVE AMERICAN PATTERNS
Long history of cultural appropriation →
1940s and 50s: Squaw dress 
Halloween costumes, but also modern fashion
E.g.: Urban Outfitters and Forever 21

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

AFRICAN AMERICAN BOXBRAIDS
- Why does it matter who wears them (white vs African American people)
- Hair as a political statement
- Discrimination in daily life


Slide 9 - Tekstslide

 CHEONGSAM/QIPAO
"When I was young, and Chinese New Year came around, my mother gave me a qipao for me to wear, as we always try to stay true to our roots. However, after I wore this qipao to school, I was mocked and ridiculed by my white peers who bullied me relentlessly for wearing this traditional clothing of my culture. After this, I felt shame and fear for wearing anything related to my heritage. Yet, when a white girl wears a qipao she does not feel shame. She is not bullied nor ridiculed. She is praised. This is cultural appropriation. Asian Americans are taught that our culture is abnormal until white people make it interesting"

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

 CHEONGSAM/QIPAO
According to Bo Chen: I don't believe that it could be necessarily seen as cultural appropriation, as long as it's worn with respect. Back in the day, a white person would wear a cheongsam if they were together with someone who's Chinese. This as it would impress their family. If someone would do it disrespectfully, that's something else. However, more people wearing a cheongsam creates more acceptance. 

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

WHITEWASHING: WHAT IS THAT?
"Whitewashing’ is the common practice of lighting or digitally altering pictures of women of color in such a way to make dark skin appear whiter. The result and the message of this practice is women of color, whatever their skin shade, are not light enough because they are not white"

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

WHITEWASHING: EXAMPLES

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

POSSIBLE SOLUTION?
For fashion brands:
Collaborate with minorities: amplify voices and let them also profit 
Don’t want to collaborate? Ask for consent
Educate before you use something

For yourself:
Educate yourself and think thoroughly about the consequences
Ask people of color about things you're uncertain of! 
Appreciate, don't take one part of a culture that you like and call it a day, take time to learn and understand that specific culture as well!

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

DEBATE!
What: You're going to read three statements
Who: together with the complete group
How: the statements are separately shown, 
and you will debate them with each other.  
Outcome: you will be able to show that you have thoroughly thought about the statements. 

Slide 16 - Tekstslide

When is something cultural appropriation, and when is it harmful
When is something cultural appropriation, and when is it harmful?

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

When is something cultural appropriation, and when is it harmful
Should minority cultures receive reparations for the exploitation of their cultures, and if yes, how would this be realized? 

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

When is something cultural appropriation, and when is it harmful
Can cultural appropriation be avoided in the modern-day fashion industry?

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

When is something cultural appropriation, and when is it harmful
DISCUSSION CLOSED: did you learn something today? 

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Black Oriental Binding Detail Bodycon Dress. (2021). Prettylittlething.Com. https://www.prettylittlething.com/black-oriental-binding-detail-bodycon-dress.htmlCenterforartlaw, V. A. P. B. (2020, June 29). Homage or Faux Pas: Cultural Appropriation in Fashion Apparel. Center for Art Law. https://itsartlaw.org/2020/06/29/homage-or-faux-pas-cultural-appropriation-in-fashion-apparel/#post-55343-footnote-17Grinberg, B. C. E. (2014, June 4). Why Native American designers are not OK with fashion headdresses. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/30/living/native-american-fashion-appropriation/index.htmlHelligar, J. (2021, May 14). This Is What Whitewashing Really Means—And Why It’s a Problem. Reader’s Digest. https://www.rd.com/article/what-whitewashing-means-and-why-its-a-problem/Jefferson, M. (2021, June 12). Culture III is a Familiar Take on The Migos Earlier Projects. TUC. https://www.tucmag.net/fashion/how-streetwear-is-becoming-white-washed-and-gentrified/Johnson, M. Z. (2020, August 14). 7 Reasons Why White People Should Not Wear Black Hairstyles. Everyday Feminism. https://everydayfeminism.com/2015/07/white-people-black-hairstyles/Lee, B. (2020, December 7). Racism 101: At What Point Does Cultural Appreciation Cross Over Into Appropriation? LAist. https://laist.com/news/racism-101-at-what-point-does-cultural-appreciation-cross-over-into-appropriationMondalek, A. (2018, May 4). Is Fashion’s Love for the Qipao Cultural Appropriation? Fashionista. https://fashionista.com/2018/05/chinese-dress-qipao-cultural-appropriationProulx, N. (2018, May 8). Is a Chinese-Style Prom Dress Cultural Appropriation? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/learning/prom-dress-cultural-appropriation.html#commentsContainerT. (2020, November 19). White-Washed Runways: The Effects of Racism in the Fashion Industry. The Fashion Law. https://www.thefashionlaw.com/is-racism-stifling-creativity-in-the-fashion-industry/Wertheimer, L., & Yang, J. (2009). NPR Cookie Consent and Choices. NPR. https://choice.npr.org/index.html?origin=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112465167Woolf, N. (2017, December 2). Urban Outfitters settles with Navajo Nation after illegally using tribe’s name. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/18/urban-outfitters-navajo-nation-settlement

Slide 21 - Tekstslide