Bijles 16-11

Gerund explanation

1. GERUND

WORDS that end in ING

 (drinking, watching, travelling, getting)

- Maar zijn geen werkwoorden

1. Used as a subject (als onderwerp) in the beginning of the sentence to focus on the ACTIVITY and not the ACTION

1. I am drinking water.

2. Drinking water is healthy. 

Drinking as a VERB

- What is the action?

(verb: drinking)

Drinking as a NOUN

- What is the activity?

(activity: drinking)

USE: Beginning of the sentence when you talk about an activity...

- Cooking is my hobby. 

- Dancing is fun.

- Doing homework is boring.

HIGHLIGHT the gerunds!

2. After words: LIKE, DISLIKE, LOVE, HATE

- Matthew likes listening to the music. 

- Jane dislikes doing laundry.

- Mary and Joseph love spending time with their kids.

- I just hate _______ my homework.

SO REMEMBER: after these words we have to put the word in ING!

3. After words:  feel, hear, see, smell, watch, avoid, keep, mind, prefer, start, stop en suggest

- Can you feel the wind blowing?

- I hear you talking! Please whisper.

- I see raindrops falling from the sky.

- She sees people running down the street.

- Monica and Chandler smell something burning in their kitchen

4. After the prepositions (in, on, at, of, to, for...)

- I look forward to hearing from you soon

- I am good at making brownies

- She was interested in booking a vacation

Exercise on GERUNDS

1. She is good at __________ (dance). 

2. He is crazy about _________ (sing).

3. I don't like __________ (play) cards.

4. They are afraid of _________ (swim) in the sea.

5. (to ski) ________ can be dangerous.

6.  Do you like _________ (to surf)?

7. I look forward to _________ (hear) from you soon.

8. (to drive) ________ under influence is a crime.

9. I don't mind __________ (keep) this painting on my wall.

In other cases: TO+infinitive

For example: 

I like learning English. / She wants to learn English.

I will stop helping you. / I promise to help you tomorrow.

GERUND or TO+infinitive

1. I look forward to ________________ (see) you at the weekend.

2. She doesn't mind _____________ (work) the night shift.

3. _____________ (listen) to the teacher is what you should do at school.

4. I smell something __________ (cook). 

5. We decided _______________ (run) through the forest.

6. I learned ________________ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.

EXERCISE

1. She kept ____________ (talk) during the film.

2. I am learning ______________ (speak) English.

3. He asked _______ (come) with us.

4. I need to start ______________(study).

5. _____________ (clean) is my hobby.

6. Look at you ___________ (work) hard.

7.  Sasha plans _______ (start) college next year. 

MODALS VERBS

- must / mustn't 

- have to / do not have not

- should / shouldn't

Should -> advies -> zou eigenlijk moeten

You should rink plenty of water every day for good health.

If you want to improve your English, you should practice speaking regularly.

Shouldn't 

You shouldn't eat too much junk food; it's not good for your well-being.

She shouldn't procrastinate; deadlines are important.

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Must -> moeten (persoonlijke noodzak of kan niet anders)

Students must submit their assignments by Friday.

We must respect each other's opinions during the meeting.

Mustn't 

Employees mustn't disclose confidential information to unauthorized individuals.

You mustn't forget to turn off the lights before leaving the room.

Have to -> moeten (verplicht, van buitenaf opgelegd)

I have to attend a meeting at 3 PM; it's mandatory.

Children have to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle for safety reasons.

must/should/have to/don't have to/ shouldn't/mustn't

1. Fire regulations say you __________ leave the building immediately if you hear the fire alarm.

2. If you like Impressionist art you __________ visit the Musée d’Orsay in Paris. I think you'd love it.

3. There’s a free 30-day trial period, so you __________ pay anything for the

first month.

4. You __________ enter the operating room without wearing protective gear.

5. I haven’t seen you for ages! We __________ meet up soon.

6. I’m exhausted! I __________ work every weekend last month.

7. You __________ bring that up during the board meeting.

8. Daniel __________ cut down on his expenses since he lost his job last month.

Modals

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/modals/mixed-modals-2