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§2.1 Molecules and Atoms / §2.2 The Periodic Table
§2.1 Macro and micro level
§2.2 The Periodic Table
Chapter 2: Building blocks of substances
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Middelbare school
havo, vwo
Leerjaar 3
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§2.1 Macro and micro level
§2.2 The Periodic Table
Chapter 2: Building blocks of substances
Slide 1 - Tekstslide
Learning Objectives 2.1 / 2.2
:
What the macro level and the micro level is
That most substances consist of molecules
What the different phases look like on a micro level
Difference at the micro level between pure substances and mixtures
Why models are needed in chemistry
That molecules consist of atoms
The most important kinds of atoms and their symbols
Metals and noble gases do not consist of molecules, but only of atoms
Slide 2 - Tekstslide
Perspective on learning objectives by
knowing that molecules are made up of atoms.
explaining the difference between elements and compounds.
representing molecules using molecular formulae.
describing the difference at the micro level between a separation method, a phase transition and a chemical reaction.
Slide 3 - Tekstslide
Remember the particle model?
Slide 4 - Tekstslide
Chemical Reactions...(explained from macro to micro level)
Properties of substance change
Molecules (substances) are broken down and new kind of molecules
(substances) are formed.
A rearrangement of atoms from reactants into new products
Finally a reaction can be written down as an equation or process:
molecules go in (reactants), different molecules come out (products).
Slide 5 - Tekstslide
Atoms as
building
blocks
The
alphabet
of
chemistry
Slide 6 - Tekstslide
The alphabet compared to the Periodic Table:
Alphabet
Periodic Table
Letter
Atom/Element
Word
Molecule
Sentence
Substance
Story
Materials
Atoms in a molecule are connected by atomic bonds (bonds between atoms)
Slide 7 - Tekstslide
Elements in the periodic table
We know about 118 different kinds of atoms, aka 118 elements
Every element has its own
name
and
symbol
Practice the
names
and
symbols
using the Periodic Table
Slide 8 - Tekstslide
d
Elements
Based on one kind of atom or molecules with one kind of atom (pure)
ggg
g
Compounds
Molecules containing more than one kind of atom.
Slide 9 - Tekstslide
Molecules can be drawn
but they can also be given a molecular formula.
Slide 10 - Tekstslide
Slide 11 - Tekstslide
Slide 12 - Tekstslide
Slide 13 - Tekstslide
Phase transitions
Solid to liquid =
M
elting
Liquid to solid
= Freezing
Liquid to gas
= Evaporation
Gas to liquid
= Condensation
Gas to solid
= Deposition
Solid to gas
= Sublimation
Slide 14 - Tekstslide
Solid
- Fixed shape (crystal)
- Molecules are vibrating
- Not a lot of kinetic energy
(Low temperature)
Slide 15 - Tekstslide
Liquid
- No fixed shape, Volume fixed
- More space between molecules and they shake a lot more (more kinetic energy)
- Medium kinetic energy
(medium temperature)
Slide 16 - Tekstslide
Gas
- No fixed shape, no fixed volume
- Distance between molecules is big
- Velocity of molecules is high, Kinetic energy is high
Slide 17 - Tekstslide
Slide 18 - Video
Slide 19 - Video
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