1.1 Problems in the Church

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1.1 Problems in the church

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain what heretics are and what the Church did to stop them.
• You can explain what criticisms were made of the Church in around 1500.

Today

• What do you know already?  (+- 10 min)
• Explanation (+- 20 min)
• Check if you understood! (+- 5 min)
  
• Homework (+- 10 min)

Catholic Church

Catholic Church (1)

• Christian church

• Is led by the Pope in Rome (that's why: Roman Catholic Church)

• Hierarchical: there is a clear leader and division of power

• The mass (church service) and the Bible are in Latin

Catholic Church (2)

• There are statues in the church

• These images (of saints, for example) are sometimes revered.

• Relics (remains of saints) are also revered.

• There are magical acts and rituals, such as: wine/blood and bread/body

Martin Luther

• Martin Luther was a teacher and monk in Wittenberg, Germany. In 1517, after travelling to Rome, he wrote about the pope and the Church:

• Criticisms:

1. Letters of indulgences 
2. Wealth and luxury of the church.
3. The cruel punishment of heretics by the inquisition 
4. Rules (made by the pope) not based on the bible.
5. Everyone should be able to read the bible.

Heretics: Someone who rejects important aspects of the official teachings of the Catholic Church.

Inquisition: Church law court for finding heretics and putting them on trial.

Letters of indulgences: Letter from the Church that says you will go to heaven (or get there quicker)

Reformer

Someone who criticizes the Church and wants to change (reform) it.

Who punished the heretics and how did they do this?

Name 4 criticisms Martin Luther made of the church.

Homework!

Make paragraph 1.1 exercise 1 to 6

Medieval cat of the day

1.1 Problems in the church

Part 2!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain what criticisms were made of the Church in around 1500.
  
• You can describe how the Christian Church split in the sixteenth century and name some of the consequences.

Today

• What do you know already?  (+- 10 min)
• Video (+- 20 min)
• Explanation (+- 10 min)
• Check if you understood (+- 5 min)

Video

• You are going to watch a video about Luther. Make the questions during the video!

Reformation (1)

• In this case, reform of the Catholic Church.

• Begins at the end of the Middle Ages, in the 15th century

• Protesting against the power and wealth (including through letters of indulgence) of the Catholic Church

Reformation (2)

• Most important reformers: Martin Luther and John Calvin

• In 1517 Luther came up with 95 theses (mainly against indulgences)

• He hopes that the Pope will think along and reform the Church

• However, Luther is banned by the Pope

Why is Luther successful??

• the invention of the printing press allowed Luther's texts to be quickly copied and distributed.
• Luther is supported and protected by powerful German prince-electors.
• The ideas (of simplicity and austerity) appeal to many poor believers.
• Many believers do not agree with the indulgences: Luther dares to say something about it.

Reaction

• Luther hoped that the Pope would join in his reforms, but he was banned.
• Charles V (the German Emperor) wanted everyone in his empire to remain Catholic and called on Luther to explain himself during the Emperial Diet in Worms.

Consequence 1

• Charles V declared Luther an outlaw, but he got protected by the Duke of Saxony.
• A war of religion broke out in the German Empire between Catholics and Protestants.
• 1555: Peace of Augsburg.

Consequence 2

• Luther's reformation led to the founding of a new church: the Protestant Church.

• Luther never wanted this. He only wanted to make adjustments (reform) the Catholic Church.

Calvinism

By John Calvin

Why did the Christian church split in 2?

Was the split in the church an intended consequence? Explain why

Protestant church or Catholic church?

Worshipping Saints

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant church or Catholic church?


Sober actions

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant Church or Catholic Church?


Veneration of relics

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant Church or Catholic Church?

The Pope is the leader

1. Protestant
2. Catholic