Holoceen

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Quartair/Kwartair

Holoceen:

last warm period in which we live today

Pleistoceen:
cold periods (=glacials) and warmer periods (=interglacials)

Holoceen 

Warm period -> less ice -> higher sea level-> water in the North sea!

Consists out of 4 periods: take an atlas and describe the periods

H1 Boreaal     H2 Atlanticum  H3 Subboreaal

H4 Subatlanticum

H1 Boreaal

Tijd: 9500-7500 jaar geleden

DEPOSIT........??????

What does the atlas tell you

Boreaal

- sea was quiet -> regression

- Rhine and Meuse transport sediments like ............-> result.....

- In the lower areas of the Netherlands marshes--> 

result.......??......

Fen til +1m NAP-line (=laag-Nederland)

The thickest close to the sea and thinnest inland

H2  Atlanticum

Tijd: 7500-5000 jaar geleden

Natural forces that built the landscape.........

Sediments: marine clay, river clay, bog and sand

Atlanticum

- Higher sea level -> transgression

- The lower part of the Netherlands ...................... -> water stands still -> ......................

-> .............................

formation of a beach wall

Atlanticum

- Fluviomarien afzetting: mix van mariene klei en fluviatiel klei

- Rivieren overstromen af en toe -> klei bezinkt

- Hoogveen-> gevoed door regenwater in hoog-Ned

what are we going to do?

Try to understand the subboreaal en subatlanticum 

Describe both periods

P4 Subatlanticum

2700 years ago until now

forces: sea and riverwater , humans

Sediments: marine clay sand

2 kinds of dunes--> old and young (sand landscape)

Subatlanticum

- sea level rise -> 

transgressions

- thick layer of clay 

is deposited -> 

young marine clay

Use the atlas

Go to the page with the marine clay landscape

1. why were mounds built?

2. In Friesland there are older and younger dykes closer to the sea. Explain why? Look at the maps.