5.1 pass it on!

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Chapter 5

 

It runs in 

the family

Can you roll your tongue?

1. Yes
2. No
3. Kinda

phenotype which is in your genotype

phenotype which is allocated in your DNA

Do you have a Widow's peak or a straight hairline?

1. Widow's Peak
2. Straight hairline
3. I have no idea honestly

Can you turn your tongue?

1. yes
2. no
3. Little bit

phenotype

Attached earlobe or free earlobe

1. Attached
2. Free
3. idk

5.1 pass it on!

It runs in the family

-How did you inherit characteristics from your parents?

-Why do some inherited characteristics not show?

-What are chromosomes?

-Why do siblings look similar to their parents and each other?

- inheriting characteristics from parents

- how gender is determined

- how chomosomes, DNA and genes are related

- how to determine characteristics of offspring from a given combination of parents

- how to read a pedigree

Phenotype

• All your characteristics = phenotype
• Phenotype is a combination of: genotype (DNA) and influences from your surroundings

Examples:

• Hair colour
• Weight
• Voice
• Lung capacity
• Build of your muscles
• Size of your feet
• Blood pressure
• etc

Examples:

• The weather
• How much you eat
• How much you exercise
• What you do each day
• etc.

To inherit = to receive a characteristic from your mom and dad

• Genotype = complete set of all inherited characteristics. 
• Phenotype = set of characteristics that are seen/expressed. 

Phenotype = genotype + pattern of gene expression + environmental factors. 

We will learn more about this later this chapter

It runs in the family

How did you inherit characteristics 

from your parents?

During fertilisation, the nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell. But what is the result of this fusion? A unique, new individual who still looks a bit like both of its parents!

genotype

fenotype

Wat is genotype or fenotype? move traits A till H to genotype or fenotype. 

Genotype

Fenotype

a small nose

straight hair from birth

Piercings 

painted dark hair

a scar

Wibi can play the piano very well

calluses on your hands

blue eyes

Why do some inherited characteristics not show?

tan

For example: you may have inherited a tendency to tan quickly while sunbathing, but if you leave your socks on, the skin on your feet will stay pale (see figure 5.2).

Human cell

There are 23 chromosomes in a female egg cell.

In a male sperm cell are 23 chromosomes present

Egg + sperm = a fertilized egg cell has 46 chromosomes

What are chromosomes?

What are chromosomes?

 homologous pairs.

karyotype

- picture of all your 46 chromosomes

- 23 homologous pairs (1 from dad and 1 from mum)

- 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

- 1 pair of sex chromosomes XX or XY

so why do siblings differ?

So why do siblings differ?

Ancestry = bloodline

homework

study 5.1  & do exercises