5.1 Genotype and phenotype

5. It runs in the family
Heredity and evolution
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
BiologieMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 3

In deze les zitten 37 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

time-iconLesduur is: 50 min

Onderdelen in deze les

5. It runs in the family
Heredity and evolution

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

What do you think of when you hear the title: 'It runs in the family'?

Slide 2 - Woordweb

Which characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next?

Slide 3 - Woordweb

5. It runs in the family
On inheritance, family trees, genetics and DNA

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

5.1 Pass it on!
How did you inherit characteristics from your parents?
Why do some inherited characteristics not show?
What are chromosomes?
Why do siblings look similar to their parents and each other?
AIM = 
5.1.1 You can describe what the genotype and phenotype are.
5.1.2 You can explain that cells only use the hereditary information that they need.

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Body cells, chromosomes, DNA

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

DNA and genes
DNA contains information about thousands of characteristics.

GENE = 
a pieces of DNA that contain the information for one characteristic.



Slide 7 - Tekstslide

                                                        Each body cell contains all the 
                                                   genes but not all genes are active

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

To inherit = to receive a characteristic from an ancestor by genetic transmission. 

  • Genotype = the information for an organism’s complete hereditary characteristics
  • Phenotype = visible and invisible physical characteristics of an organism

           Phenotype = genotype + environmental factors. 

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Environmental change can also have an effect on the phenotype of us humans. Describe an example when your body would change under changing conditions

Slide 14 - Open vraag

Phenotype = genotype + environmental influences
The phenotype changes…

…but the genotype doesn’t.

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Chromosomes
Inside the cell nucleus are structures called chromosomes
They are DNA strands and contain all of your inherited characteristics

Slide 16 - Tekstslide

Normal body cell: 46 chromosomes

Organised in 23 homologous pairs
Each pair has two matching chromosomes. 

How can you tell this is a male karyotype

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Sperm and egg cells only have 23 chromosomes. Explain why (TIP: think about what happens
during fertilisation).

Slide 18 - Open vraag

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

TALKING EXERCISE
Discuss with your classmate...
what would happen if a sex cell (egg/sperm cell) had 46 chromosomes, just like a normal body cell. What would this 
mean for the fertilised egg cell? And for the next generation?
timer
2:00

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Let's do a little inventory..
Which characteristics do you have?
Make sure you write down the results

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

I can roll my tongue
YES
NO

Slide 22 - Poll

Which hand do you write with?
LEFT
RIGHT
NO PREFERENCE

Slide 23 - Poll

Hand clasping?

Slide 24 - Poll

Slide 25 - Tekstslide

LET'S PRACTICE
Most people on the Solomon Islands (in the Pacific Ocean) have dark skin and dark hair. Sometimes, however, a child is born with very light-coloured hair.

Figure it out in exercise 1

Make exercise 1-10 in your notebook
Finish it before next lesson

Slide 26 - Tekstslide

LET'S PRACTISE.
A picture and karyotype of a pea plant from the species Chamaecrista fasciculata. 

3. How many chromosomes do you count?

4. Can the number of chromosomes in a pollen cell of Chamaecrista be even, uneven or both? Explain your answer! 
timer
1:00

Slide 27 - Tekstslide

If you look at this persons hair..
A
Phenotype
B
Genotype
C
Phenotype en Genotype

Slide 28 - Quizvraag

The eye color of these people are.
A
Phenotype
B
Genotype
C
Phenotype en Genotype

Slide 29 - Quizvraag

Can you change the phenotype of in individual?
A
Yes
B
No
C
Don't know

Slide 30 - Quizvraag

Put in the correct order,
from small to big.
A
cell - chromosome - DNA - gene
B
gene - chromosome - DNA - cell
C
gene - chromosome -cell - DNA
D
gene - DNA - chromosome - cell

Slide 31 - Quizvraag

Zet de juiste omschrijving bij het juiste begrip.
chromosoom
gen
allel
thread of DNA with hereditary information
part of the DNA containing the information for one characteristic
type of gene

Slide 32 - Sleepvraag

Which one is correct?
A
Phenotype = genotype + environment
B
Environment = genotype + phenotype
C
Genotype = phenotype + environment

Slide 33 - Quizvraag

Mathilde is having her hair dyed at the hairdresser. Does this change her
En haar fenotype?
A
genotype wel fenotype niet
B
genotype niet fenotype wel
C
genotype niet fenotype niet
D
genotype wel fenotype wel

Slide 34 - Quizvraag

Heeft een vlinder hetzelfde fenotype als de rups waaruit hij is ontstaan? En hetzelfde genotype?
A
alleen hetzelfde fenotype
B
alleen hetzelfde genotype
C
zowel hetzelfde fenotype als hetzelfde genotype

Slide 35 - Quizvraag

Hoeveel chromosomenparen hebben de meeste mensen in hun lichaamscellen?
A
22
B
23
C
44
D
46

Slide 36 - Quizvraag

Hoeveel erfelijk materiaal heeft een gameet (geslachtscel), ten opzichte van een gewone cel.
A
Net zoveel
B
1/2
C
1/4
D
2x zoveel

Slide 37 - Quizvraag