Batavian Revolution and Republic

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Today:

- Questions about the homework assignment?

- Note on 3.6

Questions about the homework assignment?

The rise of the patriots

Around 1780 problems in the Republic:

• Economy was in decline 

  

• People became critical of the regents
  and of the stadholder: William V, Prince of Oranje-Nassau

       - Regents only looked after their own interests

       - William V behaved like a king with absolute power.

The rise of the patriots

Patriots = Dutch person who opposed government by a 

stadholder and regents in the second half of the eighteenth 

century. Patriots wanted the people to have more influence 

in government and for all citizens to have the same rights.

1781 Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol publishes his 

pamphlet  Aan het Volk van Nederland. Wanted a democratic 

government, equal rights and less power for the stadholder 

and regents.

The rise of the patriots

Patriots wanted:

• More political influence for the citizens
• A constitution and fundamental rights

In the meantime patriots formed private armies (volunteer corps).

Chased William V in 1785 out of The Hague and in 1786 they started seizing power in some cities.

The rise of the patriots

Orangists = Group of Dutch people who were on the side of the stadholders from the House of Orange during the Dutch Republic.

King of Prussia sent an army in 1787 to violently remove the Patriots from the country and restores order. The revolt failed. Many Patriots fled to France.

What three economic problems did the Republic have around 1780?

1. - Baltic trade collapsed - Expensive wars with England - Poverty and unemployment
2. - Baltic trade collapsed - Expensive wars with Spain - Poverty and unemployment
3. - VOC and WIC no longer profitable - Expensive wars with England - Poverty and unemployment
4. - VOC and WIC no longer profitable - Expensive wars with Spain - Poverty and unemployment

Of whom did the citizens become increasingly critical?

1. King and regents
2. King and grand pensionary
3. Stadholder and grand pensionary
4. Stadholder and regents

Citizens were critical of the stadholder. Which anwer isn't an example?

1. Willem V behaved like an absolute monarch
2. Willem V stood up for the rights of the citizens
3. Willem V tried to increase his power
4. Willem V made the position of stadholder hereditary

What did the Patriots want?

1. Equal rights for everyone and a constitution
2. Equal rights for everyone and more power for the stadholder
3. More influence for the Church and a constitution
4. More influence for the Church and more power for the stadholder

Why were Patriots forced to flee in 1787?

1. Citizens received a say in government.
2. Their revolt failed.
3. France occupied the Republic.
4. Prussia declared war on the Republic.

The Netherlands 1588-1815

Different Dutch states:

1585-1795 Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

1795-1801 Batavian Republic

1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth

1806-1810 Kingdom of Holland

1810-1813 Part of French Empire

1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Batavian Republic

1794-95 French invasion. Patriots return with the French army and are able to take over power.

Batavian Revolution = A large change in the society and government of the Netherlands between 1795 and 1798.

Stadholder Willem V flees to England and the regents loose their power.

1795-1801 Batavian Republic

The Batavian Republic

Important changes:

• All adult men got voting rights except for the very poor, 

criminals and Orangists. A parliament, the National Assembly,

ruled the country.

• The Batavian Republic became a unitary state (= eenheidsstaat). 

The new laws applied everywhere throughout the country.

• All citizens were given the same fundamental rights 

(for example freedom of religion and freedom of expression).

• Constitution (rules for administration and fundamental rights)

The Batavian Republic

Batavian Revolution failed

1) Disagreement among Dutch administrators. Led to a coup d'état. A group of administrators seized power and abolished the National Assembly (parliament). After that, other coups d'état followed.

2) The French gradually took over power. Napoleon came to power in France in 1799. Wanted to expand his power.

The Batavian Republic

1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth

After Napoleon came to power in France, he interfered more and more with the Netherlands.

1806-1810 Kingdom of Holland

Napoleon makes his brother Louis Napoleon king of the Netherlands. When Napoleon is displeased with the rule of Louis Napoleon, he dismisses him.

Put the following Dutch states in the correct time sequence.

1. Batavian Republic, Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Batavian Commonwealth
2. Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland, Batavian Commonwealth
3. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Kingdom of Holland, Batavian Republic
4. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Batavian Republic, Batavian Commonwealth

What doesn't match the period 1795-1806

1. Batavian Commonwealth
2. Batavian Revolution
3. Constitution
4. Louis Napoleon

What doesn't match the Batavian Republic?

1. Citizens received fundamental rights
2. Regents received more political influence
3. Unitary state
4. Constitution